Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

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Questions and Answers

What defines Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

Repetition and prolongation of syllables that interfere with communication. (correct)

Consistent failure to learn new vocabulary.

A total inability to produce speech sounds.

An absence of speech in social situations.

What aspect of communication is usually affected by Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

Volume control during speech.

Comprehension of spoken language.

Fluency and time patterning of speech. (correct)

Emotional expression while speaking.

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with stuttering?

Sound repetitions.

Replacement of words to avoid difficulty.

Tremors of the face.

Completely fluent speech. (correct)

Which behaviors might accompany stuttering?

Avoidance of speech situations. Signup and view all the answers

How do most children typically progress through the early stages of speech development?

They undergo nonfluency as part of normal development. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial reaction of parents observing a child's speech challenges?

Amusement at their child's attempts with new words. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a psychological consequence of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

Anxiety about speaking in public. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stuttering?

Repeating whole sentences. Signup and view all the answers

What is often the primary reason behind a child's avoidance of certain speech situations due to stuttering?

Fear of negative evaluations from others. Signup and view all the answers

Which motor movements may accompany stuttering?

Eye blinks and tics. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the variance in the causes of stuttering is attributed to genetic factors?

70% Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor is considered to influence the occurrence of stuttering?

Parental mental illness Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention method is commonly recommended for treating stuttering in children?

Teaching parents to speak slowly and simply Signup and view all the answers

Which hemisphere is the biological source for stuttering ?

Left Hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic approach involves using positive and negative consequences for managing stuttering?

Contingency management Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Characterized by repeated and prolonged pronunciation of syllables, interfering with communication.
Normal developmental phase where children may experience nonfluency as they learn to speak.
Coordination of tongue, lips, and brain is essential for producing complex sound combinations.

Developmental Aspects

Most children transition through this nonfluent stage effortlessly, often met with parental amusement.
Some children exhibit persistent difficulties, manifesting as sound repetition (e.g., "wa-wa-wa") or sound prolongation (e.g., "n-ah-ah-ah-o").
May develop coping strategies to avoid difficult sounds, impacting verbal communication.

Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-5 outlines specific diagnostic criteria for Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering).
Involves atypical disturbances in speech fluency and timing patterns relative to the child's age.
Symptoms must occur frequently and persist over time.

Symptoms of Stuttering

Includes sound/syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, and pauses within words.
Word substitutions may occur to circumvent problematic words.
Other difficulties can result in anxiety related to speaking and social interactions.

Emotional and Behavioral Impact

Anticipatory anxiety about speaking in front of others may develop.
Children may actively avoid situations that require them to speak, such as class discussions or phone calls.
Disorder can be accompanied by physical manifestations like eye blinks, tics, or facial tremors.

Genetic and Environmental Factors in Stuttering

Genetic factors are responsible for approximately 70% of the variance in stuttering.
Environmental factors, including premature birth and parental mental illness, account for the remaining 30%.

Biological Influences

Genetic factors may cause abnormal development in critical speech centers, primarily located in the left hemisphere of the brain.
This biological basis of stuttering contributes to clinical features like loss of spontaneity and self-esteem issues.

Therapy Considerations

Most children eventually outgrow stuttering, complicating decisions for intervention.
Therapy is recommended when:
- Sound and syllable repetitions are frequent.
- Parents or children express concern.
- The child exhibits facial or vocal tension.

Psychological Treatments

Effective strategies for treating stuttering in children include teaching parents to slow their speech and use simple sentences, easing pressure on the child.

Other Treatment Methods

Contingency management involves utilizing positive reinforcement for fluent speech and negative reinforcement for stuttering incidents.
Habit reversal procedures may include techniques for regulating breathing to aid fluency.

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Description

This quiz explores the characteristics, developmental aspects, and diagnostic criteria of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder, commonly known as stuttering. Learn about how speech fluency issues can affect communication and the importance of early intervention and coping strategies for affected children.