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Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of childhood cancer?
Which of the following signs might suggest a potential childhood cancer?
What factor is known to potentially increase the risk of childhood cancer?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with childhood cancers?
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Which type of pediatric cancer has the highest mortality rate?
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What is a common late effect of radiation and chemotherapy in childhood cancer treatment?
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Which treatment option is specifically used for solid tumors in childhood cancer?
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What is a benefit of childhood cancer treatment compared to adult cancer treatment?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a long-term complication of cancer treatment in children?
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What are survivorship programs aimed at in childhood cancer treatment?
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Study Notes
Causes of Childhood Cancers
- Typically not linked to lifestyle factors.
- Most cases are not due to inherited DNA mutations.
- Possibly caused by acquired DNA mutations.
- Radiation exposure is a potential risk factor.
Common Types of Childhood Cancers
- Leukemia (most common) including ALL and AML.
- Brain tumors (highest mortality).
- Neuroblastoma (develops in neuroblasts of the adrenal glands or spinal cord).
- Sarcoma (affects bone and connective tissue).
- Lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin).
Signs and Symptoms
- Unexplained swelling or lump.
- Sudden or unexplained weight loss.
- Unexplained paleness or fatigue.
- Easy bruising or bleeding.
- Recurrent headaches, vomiting.
- Sudden vision changes.
- Persistent pain in one area of the body.
- Unexplained and persistent fever or illness.
Diagnosis
- Similar to adults, depending on suspected cancer type.
- May include:
- Blood tests.
- Biopsies.
- Imaging (CT, MRI, PET, bone scan).
- Bone marrow aspirate.
- Lumbar puncture.
Treatment
- Surgery (for solid tumors).
- Radiation.
- Chemotherapy.
- Immunotherapy.
- Stem cell transplant.
- Clinical trials.
Treatment Differences from Adults
- Treatment is often more successful due to:
- Intensive therapy.
- Lower comorbidities in children.
- Optimal organ function.
- Treatments based on clinical trials and consensus-driven resources.
- Long-term complications are a greater concern.
Long-Term Complications
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Late effects due to damage from treatment:
- Cognitive impairment.
- Seizures.
- Vision problems and cataracts.
- Hearing loss.
- Thyroid dysfunction.
- Stunted growth.
- Heart disease.
- Lung problems (pneumonitis, infections, lung cancer).
- Sexual development issues (e.g., delayed puberty).
- Secondary cancers.
Survivorship Programs
- Ongoing monitoring of late effects.
- Physical and psychological support.
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Description
Explore the causes, common types, and symptoms of childhood cancers. This quiz highlights key diagnostic methods and risk factors associated with pediatric cancer. Test your knowledge on this crucial health topic.
