Child Psychology Quiz

<p>Equifinality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive self-esteem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High levels of intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stigmatization associated with mental illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help describe and organize complex aspects of behavior patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological and environmental influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benjamin Rush (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient Greek and Roman societies' views (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lev Vygotsky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting eugenics by preventing procreation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean Piaget (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke's theories on individual right (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean Marc Itard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviourism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sigmund Freud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong social support network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that defective neural circuitry makes children vulnerable to stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys typically develop COS earlier than girls, but the difference disappears in adolescence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antipsychotic medication combined with psychotherapy and social support programs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a chronic disorder with a poor long-term prognosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional reactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjusting to a new environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child taking deep breaths to calm down after a stressful event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain as the underlying cause of psychological disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying the environmental factors that influence behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain structure is predetermined and unchanging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child's level of impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure-anxious-ambivalent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between genetic predisposition and stressful life events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shared environment of twins raised together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing a comprehensive understanding of an individual's unique situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducting standardized assessments with the child (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine how genetic mutations alter gene function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environments are interconnected and interact with each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child's teacher's attitudes and practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared environments impact all siblings equally, while non-shared environments impact each sibling differently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Response to stress and the regulation of emotion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on the direct influence of genes on behavior without considering environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding a family member's behavior requires considering the whole family dynamic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midbrain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different cultures have different definitions of normal and abnormal behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The failure to progress in typical developmental milestones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing sensory information and regulating sleep-wake cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asian children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher prevalence in girls over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Windows of time when environmental influences have a heightened impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated psychopathology can lead to life-long difficulties including social problems, psychiatric disorders, and difficulty finishing school. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental milestones are predetermined and fixed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent school attendance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acknowledging the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of biological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, family, cultural, and ethnic influences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors are the primary cause of atypical development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory helps to organize existing knowledge and develop hypotheses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying typical development can provide insights into the processes of atypical development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children's cultural background is irrelevant to understanding their psychopathology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A baby who is advanced in language development at age 1 continues to be advanced in language throughout childhood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescents are at a higher risk of developing a serious medical condition than younger children. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how environments and behaviors can influence gene expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple factors interact to influence child behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid generalizing findings from one culture to another without appropriate support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying how child behavior changes over time and the contributing factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorical systems rely on informed professional consensus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of the prolonged grief disorder diagnosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By persistent differences in social communication and interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highlights a child's unique situation and needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intense resistance to changes in routine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social interaction skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe homogeneous subgroupings of individuals with the same diagnosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approaches that emphasize general principles for treatment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysthymia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Real-life complexities cannot be easily classified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slightly larger head size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equine therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 in 36 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 to 18 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peer dependency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidepressants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms may worsen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identical twins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximize independence and quality of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme self-injurious behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have deficits in processing social intentions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shift to minimizing symptoms and maximizing independence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High frequency of social engagement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty with preverbal communications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASD symptoms are expressed in diverse ways and combinations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetitive motor activities and stimming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced ability in social communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficit in mentalization or theory of mind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in personal interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% may display special cognitive skills above average. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of repetition in speech (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistent use of early preverbal communications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing target behaviors and their influencing factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causal factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To obtain reports on child behavior and adjustment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid reasoning abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tests presenting ambiguous stimuli to reveal personality traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrow sampling leading to biased norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To screen for early developmental risks and diagnose conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their reliability and validity are often questioned (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conscientiousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect data on behaviors in natural settings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather information about specific situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emotions are categorized as either pleasant or unpleasant, with no moral judgment attached.

Ancient societies often treated individuals with disabilities as burdens, leading to their abandonment or death.

John Locke advocated for children's rights to be raised with care, not harshness.

Jean Marc Itard emphasized the treatment of children with severe developmental disorders.

This model highlights the biological basis of mental disorders, advocating humane treatment over moral judgment.

Clifford Beers promoted raising care standards and preventing psychopathology.

This theory relates psychological disorders to childhood conflicts and trauma, developed by Sigmund Freud.

A school of thought based on observable behavior, focusing on conditioning and learning processes.

Piaget developed stages of cognitive development in children based on their interaction with the environment.

A concept by Vygotsky where learning is optimal within a challenge that stretches current abilities.

One in five children in the U.S. live in poverty.

Poor families are more likely to have children with disorders.

LGBTQIA+ community faces health-related challenges due to biases.

Gender identity is not binary and can be fluid.

Behaviors more common in boys; act-out behaviors.

Higher in girls over time; includes anxiety and depression.

Race is seen as a social construct, not biological.

Cultural issues affect expression and reaction to disorders.

1 in 7 children experienced abuse or neglect in 2020.

ACEs link to chronic health problems and mental illness.

Adolescents face substance use, risky behaviors, mental health issues.

Untreated childhood issues lead to lifelong difficulties.

Causes of behavior include biological, emotional, and cultural factors.

Atypical development involves interactions and events over time.

Continuity shows gradual changes; discontinuity is abrupt and non-predictive.

Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes the interconnected systems affecting behavior and relationships.

A tailored educational plan for each child with special needs, mandated by IDEA.

A pattern of behavioral symptoms causing distress, disability, or risk of harm.

Skills or milestones children are expected to achieve at various life stages.

Different outcomes can arise from similar starting conditions or experiences.

Similar outcomes may result from different early experiences.

A condition that increases the likelihood of negative outcomes in children's mental health.

The ability to adapt and recover from adversity, influenced by personal and situational factors.

A therapeutic approach focusing on changing maladaptive behaviors in children and families.

The social labeling that separates a child from their disorder, affecting perception and treatment.

Processes where earlier experiences affect future development paths.

Child behavior that deviates from typical development patterns.

Failure to achieve developmental milestones, like rolling over or self-soothing.

Critical time windows where environmental influences affect development.

The brain's ability to change and adapt based on experiences.

Explains disorders as a result of genetic predisposition plus life stressors.

The interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Study of how genetic factors influence behaviors.

Identifies specific genes linked to childhood disorders.

Chemicals that transmit signals in the brain, influencing mood and behavior.

Glands that produce hormones influencing mood and anxiety.

View that psychological disorders arise from brain structure and function.

Crucial times for forming attachment between parents and children.

Focuses on how early adaptations evolve into complex functions.

The process during which the brain forms from simple cells into complex structures.

Comprehensive evaluations of cognitive, perceptual, motor, and emotional functions.

A system representing major categories of child psychological disorders.

Focus on a child’s unique situation for diagnosis and treatment.

Classify concerns using existing diagnostic systems for general understanding.

Diagnostic systems based on distinct categories with clear causes.

Classifies children across multiple dimensions of behavior.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published in 2013, revising previous concepts.

Includes clarifications for many disorders and new diagnoses like prolonged grief disorder.

Disorders identified in DSM-5-TR that apply specifically to children and adolescents.

Autism Spectrum Disorder features significant differences in social interaction and communication skills.

The goals of evaluation include description, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.

A summary of unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings associated with a child's psychological disorder.

Analyzing information to draw conclusions about the nature or cause of a psychological concern.

Predictions about future behavior under specified conditions based on current assessment.

An approach using various methods and informants to gather information about a child's difficulties.

Interviews that gather information quickly, including family and developmental histories.

The difference lies in format; structured has specific questions, while unstructured is flexible.

Refers to how consistently an interview yields similar information, affected by the structure used.

A condition characterized by autism-like traits such as repetitive behaviors and focus on details.

Criteria include deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors; must be present early in development.

ASD symptoms and characteristics vary widely among individuals, manifesting in different combinations and degrees.

Autistic children may avoid eye contact, prefer solitary play, and have trouble with gestures.

Common in autistic children, these include fixed routines, echolalia, and sensory-motor activities.

Intellectual developmental disorder is common; some autistic children may have exceptional abilities.

Autistic individuals may struggle to understand their own and others' mental states.

A form of speech where an individual repeats words or phrases, often seen in autistic children.

Self-stimulatory behaviors common in autistic children, often through repetitive movements or sounds.

A cognitive style in autism where individuals excel in focusing on details rather than the whole picture.

A hereditary chance of developing a condition based on family history.

Children with COS, especially boys, show symptoms 2 to 4 years earlier than girls.

A theory suggesting defective brain circuits increase vulnerability to stress in children.

External influences like family dynamics that may contribute to disorders like COS.

Management involving antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and support—aiming for symptom control.

The study of psychological disorders and their development.

Individual differences in how strongly one experiences emotions.

The ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences healthily.

An individual's innate style of behavior observed early in life.

A healthy emotional bond characterized by trust and comfort.

A disrupted bond leading to anxiety and avoidance in relationships.

A method for understanding and changing behavior through consequences.

Learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response.

Understanding family dynamics to assess individual behavior.

Considering cultural norms and variations in psychological evaluations.

An assessment focused on understanding an individual child or family contextually.

Assessment that makes generalizations across groups rather than focusing on individuality.

Assessing children based on their developmental milestones rather than just their age in years.

Key indicator in diagnosing childhood disorders, focusing on how symptoms affect daily life.

Interviews with specific questions for consistent information gathering.

Evaluates a child's thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in context.

Identifies factors contributing to a child's problem behaviours.

Tools for reporting and assessing child behaviour and adjustment.

A leading checklist for assessing behavioural concerns in 6-18 year-olds.

Recording behaviours by parents or observers in real-time settings.

Standardized tasks to assess a child's knowledge, skills, or personality.

Assessments for infants and young children to screen and diagnose.

Evaluates a child's intellectual functioning.

Tests using ambiguous stimuli to reveal personality aspects.

Measures personality traits using inventories like MMPI-A.

Links brain functioning with measures of behaviour.

A method for clinicians to observe children in family interactions.

Rating scale measuring the presence or intensity of behaviours.

A standard reference group used to compare individual test scores.

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.

Conditions that occur alongside ASD, affecting about 10% of children with the disorder.

Common problems affecting approximately 65% of children with ASD, impacting behavior and wellbeing.

Extreme behavior exhibited by some autistic children, potentially life-threatening and persistent.

ASD occurs in about 1 in 36 children, reflecting its widespread nature across demographics.

Identifying ASD typically occurs between 12-18 months, leading to better support and outcomes.

Over 90% of autistic individuals have one or more additional disorders, complicating treatment.

Genetic factors, including family history, play a significant role in the likelihood of developing ASD.

The unique developmental trajectories children with ASD may follow, affected by various factors.

A structured approach for children with ASD involving 25+ hours of therapy a week for effective learning.

Psychotropic medications, like antipsychotics, may alleviate some symptoms but do not change core autistic traits.

Features such as hallucinations and delusions that indicate the presence of abnormal thoughts or behaviors.

Symptoms like emotional apathy and lack of motivation, indicating a reduction in normal functions.

Impairments in memory, language, and executive function that can affect daily life and interactions.