Podcast
Questions and Answers
What lifestyle factors primarily contribute to the obesity epidemic in the United States, according to the content?
What lifestyle factors primarily contribute to the obesity epidemic in the United States, according to the content?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with obesity-related chronic diseases?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with obesity-related chronic diseases?
How many of the five metabolic aberrations must be present for an official diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
How many of the five metabolic aberrations must be present for an official diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Which biomarker is used to assess abdominal obesity for metabolic syndrome diagnosis?
Which biomarker is used to assess abdominal obesity for metabolic syndrome diagnosis?
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What is the blood pressure threshold that indicates elevated blood pressure under the metabolic syndrome criteria?
What is the blood pressure threshold that indicates elevated blood pressure under the metabolic syndrome criteria?
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What is the age range for preadolescent boys?
What is the age range for preadolescent boys?
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Why do girls experience earlier growth spurts compared to boys?
Why do girls experience earlier growth spurts compared to boys?
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Which factor becomes less influential on eating habits as children age?
Which factor becomes less influential on eating habits as children age?
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What is the protein requirement for children aged 4-8 years expressed in grams per day?
What is the protein requirement for children aged 4-8 years expressed in grams per day?
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What is the recommended total fat intake as a percentage of calories for children aged 1-2 years?
What is the recommended total fat intake as a percentage of calories for children aged 1-2 years?
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How is the EER equation best described?
How is the EER equation best described?
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Why is it more beneficial to express protein requirements in grams per kilogram of body weight rather than in grams per day?
Why is it more beneficial to express protein requirements in grams per kilogram of body weight rather than in grams per day?
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What is the energy requirement for a 9-13 year old girl?
What is the energy requirement for a 9-13 year old girl?
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What is a common reason for athletes to engage in weight cycling?
What is a common reason for athletes to engage in weight cycling?
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Which of the following is a risk associated with very low calorie diets?
Which of the following is a risk associated with very low calorie diets?
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Why is it important to use different evaluation methods for adolescents compared to adults when assessing blood pressure?
Why is it important to use different evaluation methods for adolescents compared to adults when assessing blood pressure?
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What is the most common nutrient deficiency during adolescence?
What is the most common nutrient deficiency during adolescence?
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What factor significantly contributes to adolescent iron deficiency?
What factor significantly contributes to adolescent iron deficiency?
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For vegetarian or vegan adolescents, which nutrient might be commonly lacking in their diet?
For vegetarian or vegan adolescents, which nutrient might be commonly lacking in their diet?
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What dietary recommendation can help increase omega-3 fatty acid intake for someone who doesn't eat fish?
What dietary recommendation can help increase omega-3 fatty acid intake for someone who doesn't eat fish?
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Which recommendation is most suitable for an adolescent facing iron deficiency risk factors?
Which recommendation is most suitable for an adolescent facing iron deficiency risk factors?
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What fraction of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) must be provided for school lunches?
What fraction of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) must be provided for school lunches?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the specific improvements implemented by the USDA in 2012 for the National School Lunch Program?
Which of the following is NOT one of the specific improvements implemented by the USDA in 2012 for the National School Lunch Program?
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During adolescence, how do energy requirements generally change as individuals grow older?
During adolescence, how do energy requirements generally change as individuals grow older?
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At which age category is protein requirement highest for males during adolescence?
At which age category is protein requirement highest for males during adolescence?
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For which nutrients do the DRIs differ between males and females during adolescence?
For which nutrients do the DRIs differ between males and females during adolescence?
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Which of the following statements about energy needs for adolescents is correct?
Which of the following statements about energy needs for adolescents is correct?
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What is the protein DRI (g/kg/day) for individuals aged 19-30 years?
What is the protein DRI (g/kg/day) for individuals aged 19-30 years?
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According to the trends for protein requirements, which age group has the highest protein DRI for females?
According to the trends for protein requirements, which age group has the highest protein DRI for females?
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What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for children aged 9-13 years?
What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for children aged 9-13 years?
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Which micronutrient has a higher recommended daily intake for children aged 4-8 years compared to 9-13 years?
Which micronutrient has a higher recommended daily intake for children aged 4-8 years compared to 9-13 years?
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How does consumption of soda affect nutrient absorption in children?
How does consumption of soda affect nutrient absorption in children?
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What psychological issue is associated with the short-term effects of childhood obesity?
What psychological issue is associated with the short-term effects of childhood obesity?
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What are some common reasons for preadolescents to adopt a vegetarian diet?
What are some common reasons for preadolescents to adopt a vegetarian diet?
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Which of the following factors is a predictor of childhood overweight or obesity?
Which of the following factors is a predictor of childhood overweight or obesity?
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What is the recommended strategy by the WHO for liquid calorie intake in children?
What is the recommended strategy by the WHO for liquid calorie intake in children?
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Which age group of children is more likely to experience obesity as they grow older?
Which age group of children is more likely to experience obesity as they grow older?
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What is one of the main goals of eating disorder treatment programs?
What is one of the main goals of eating disorder treatment programs?
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Which professional should NOT attempt to force a patient to gain weight too quickly?
Which professional should NOT attempt to force a patient to gain weight too quickly?
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What aspect of health does the focus shift to in adult nutrition?
What aspect of health does the focus shift to in adult nutrition?
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What is one of the risk factors for chronic disease due to hormonal changes in women around age 40?
What is one of the risk factors for chronic disease due to hormonal changes in women around age 40?
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What does BMI stand for in the context of evaluating and managing weight?
What does BMI stand for in the context of evaluating and managing weight?
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Which of the following is a potential outcome of reduced physical activity in men around age 40?
Which of the following is a potential outcome of reduced physical activity in men around age 40?
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What is one of the effects associated with the decline of estrogen during aging?
What is one of the effects associated with the decline of estrogen during aging?
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Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease risk factor that should begin to be managed in childhood?
Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease risk factor that should begin to be managed in childhood?
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Study Notes
Child & Preadolescent Nutrition
-
Age Ranges:
- Child: 5-10 years
- Preadolescent Girls: 9-11 years
- Preadolescent Boys: 10-12 years
-
Growth Trends:
- Girls mature earlier than boys
- Weight gain: 9 ounces per month
- Height increase: 0.25 inches per month
- BMI should increase between ages 6-12
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Factors Influencing Eating:
- Marketing, friends, school, sports, clubs, internet
- Internal factors remain influential from ages 1-4
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DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes):
-
Energy:
- Girls (3yr): 15 kcal/day; (4-8yr): 15 kcal/day; (9-13yr): 30 kcal/day
- Boys (3yr): 20 kcal/day; (4-8yr): 15 kcal/day; (9-13yr): 25 kcal/day
- Protein: 0.95 g/kg/day for both 4-8 and 9-13 year olds.
- Fat: 25-35% of total calories
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Energy:
-
Milk:
- 1-year-olds generally should have low-fat milk, while 1-2-year-olds should have whole milk
- Additional considerations for energy: To assess energy needs, the EER (estimated energy requirement) equation, involving total expended energy and caloric expenditure, is essential
- Physical Activity Level (PAL): Categorized as inactive, low active, active or very active, energy allowances are lower for school-aged children than toddlers and preschoolers.
- Micronutrients: DRIs for iron, zinc, calcium, and fiber for 4-8 and 9-13 year-olds are also critical.
Adolescent Nutrition
- Protein: 0.95 g/kg/day is a constant regardless of age range. But, total daily protein amounts rise from 19-34 gm per day.
- Energy: DRI difference between girls and boys varies per developmental stage.
- Iron: 10 mg/day (4-8 years) and 8 mg/day (9-13 years)
- Zinc: 5 mg/day (4-8 years) and 8 mg/day (9-13 years)
- Calcium: 1000 mg/day (4-8 years) and 1300 mg/day (9-13 years)
- Fiber: 25 g/day (girls 26/boys 31) (4-8 years) and 25 g/day (4-8 years)
- Fluid Consumption: Impacts bone health, absorption of nutrients (calcium, fiber, vitamin B12, zinc, and iron, and fat). Excessive soda intake and insufficient milk has negative effect on overall health.
- Short-term effects of being overweight: Early puberty, increased bone density, possible high blood pressure, insulin resistance, psychological issues.
- Long-term effects of being overweight: Obesity, some cancers, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and psychological issues.
- Overweight/Obesity predictors: Parents, genetics, food choices, lack of physical activity
- Vegetarianism: Environmental concerns, animal welfare, ecology
- Physical Activity: U.S. recommendations for children are important.
Adolescent Nutrition-Conditions & Interventions
- General Eating Habits: Self-reported, influence of peers (peaks at ages 14-16), snacking.
- Predictors of Overweight/Obesity: Family environment, genetics, food choices.
- Nutrition Recommendations: -Focus on positive messages and health-centric guidance. -Avoid "weight-shaming" in all discussions.
- Weight Cycling: This includes intentional practices and dietary trends to lose weight rapidly, and then regain it. This is harmful to health.
- Nutritional Counseling Methods: Fun, positive, supportive, and sustainable goals.
- Addressing Weight Cycling: Support systems, nutrition education, and counseling to normalize food-related thoughts and behaviors.
Adolescent Nutrition - General
- Treatment Options for Obesity: Team approach with doctor, psychologist/psychiatrist, nutritionist and other specialists.
- Metabolic Syndrome: 3 or more biomarkers: Abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure and blood sugar (fasting), elevated triglycerides, and low HDL.
- Childhood Obesity Trends: Trends are rising.
Older Adults' Nutrition
- Health Maintenance in Older Adults: Focus on overall health, preventing chronic diseases, and promoting longevity.
- Energy Requirements: Decline in basal metabolic rate, muscular mass, and physical activity.
- Drug-Nutrient Interactions: Potential risks and nutritional status for older adults.
- DRIs (Dietary reference intakes): Specific ranges of nutrients for overall health, and how these can vary based on age. These are a point of reference, for daily nutrients, and to be aware of the different ranges and factors.
- Nutrient Changes in Older Adults: How functions of each nutrient, change across life stages, and the consequences, to consider when evaluating the appropriate DRIs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nutritional needs of children and preadolescents. This quiz covers age-specific growth trends, dietary reference intakes, and factors influencing eating habits for kids aged 5 to 12. Perfect for students and professionals in nutrition and health.
