Child and Infant Safety Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of Trisomy 21?

  • Heart defects exclusively
  • Down syndrome features (correct)
  • Short stature only
  • Increased muscle tone

Which of the following is a common care consideration for children with cerebral palsy?

  • Limiting physical activity to prevent fatigue
  • Enhanced muscle flexibility exercises (correct)
  • Strict bed rest for all patients
  • Avoiding any physical therapy

Which condition is primarily characterized by difficulty in communication and social interactions?

  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Kawasaki's disease
  • Autism (correct)
  • Cerebral palsy

What is a primary symptom of Kawasaki's disease?

<p>Strawberry tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common issue with congenital heart defects?

<p>Narrowed vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a typical nursing intervention during seizure care?

<p>Restraining the patient during a seizure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in newborn respiratory care?

<p>Monitoring for signs of respiratory distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark feature of Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>Ventricular septal defect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential complication of bladder exstrophy?

<p>Chronic urinary infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which degree of burns typically affects only the outer layer of skin?

<p>First-degree burns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which play a key role in producing lice-related infestations?

<p>Poor hygiene habits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of family centered care in pediatrics?

<p>Involving the family in the child's care and decision process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of mononucleosis?

<p>Swollen lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child typically start potty training?

<p>2 to 3 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically associated with growth hormone deficiency?

<p>Short stature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is characterized by the presence of immature white blood cells?

<p>Leukemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common milestone for infants under 9 months?

<p>Sitting without support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of failure to thrive in pediatric patients?

<p>Inadequate weight gain or growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for Wilms tumor?

<p>Chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presenting symptom of epiglottitis in children?

<p>Severe sore throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom might indicate immunosuppression in a patient?

<p>Frequent infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which developmental stage according to Piaget does a child start to engage in symbolic play?

<p>Preoperational Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What preventative measure is crucial in reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

<p>Using a firm sleep surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?

<p>Supportive care and monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with untreated iron deficiency anemia?

<p>Cardiovascular disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?

<p>Scoliosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant symptom of osteomyelitis?

<p>Persistent bone pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with gastrointestinal complications in infants?

<p>Pyloric stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diarrhea in children can often lead to which condition due to fluid loss?

<p>Dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical defect is present in hypospadias?

<p>Urethral opening positioned abnormally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically NOT associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

<p>High fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

<p>Proteinuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key developmental milestone typically achieved by infants at 6 months of age?

<p>Sitting without support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development involves children recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?

<p>Sensorimotor stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Elizabeth Kubler Ross's model of grief, which stage is characterized by a sense of numbness and disbelief?

<p>Denial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common nursing intervention for a child undergoing a tonsillectomy?

<p>Offering cold fluids to soothe the throat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is commonly associated with an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

<p>Exposure to secondhand smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does Erikson’s psychosocial development theory suggest children typically experience the conflict of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

<p>1 to 3 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage involves children thinking in a more logical manner but still struggling with abstract ideas according to Piaget?

<p>Concrete operational stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prevalent sign that may suggest a child is experiencing failure to thrive?

<p>Significant drop in weight percentile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of treatment for patients with leukemia?

<p>Chemotherapy and immunotherapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

<p>High fever and rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is crucial in the management of children with growth hormone deficiency?

<p>Regular hormone replacement therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Wilms tumor most commonly diagnosed?

<p>Ultrasound imaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical complication associated with untreated severe burns?

<p>Dehydration and shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is essential for managing lice infestations effectively?

<p>Over-the-counter pediculicides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early intervention is emphasized for age-appropriate diabetes care?

<p>Education on carbohydrate counting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern for healthcare providers in the care of newborns requiring respiratory support?

<p>Ensuring adequate oxygenation levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of seizures, which intervention is essential during a seizure episode?

<p>Monitoring the duration of the seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following focuses on managing congenital heart defects?

<p>Surgical interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic seen in children diagnosed with Sickle Cell Anemia?

<p>Increased susceptibility to infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with Kawasaki's Disease?

<p>Prolonged fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary treatment consideration for iron deficiency anemia?

<p>Supplementation of iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In caring for a child with cerebral palsy, which approach is typically NOT recommended?

<p>Overprotection from physical activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the assessment of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, which behavior might indicate difficulties in social interactions?

<p>Avoiding physical touch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication associated with pyloric stenosis?

<p>Failure to thrive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Trisomy 21, which intervention is essential to address developmental delays?

<p>Implementing educational support services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may suggest the presence of nephrotic syndrome?

<p>Presence of edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children?

<p>Frequent urination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scoliosis is primarily characterized by which condition?

<p>Lateral curvature of the spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with chordee?

<p>Curvature of the penis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of dehydration in children due to diarrhea?

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable sign of osteomyelitis in pediatric patients?

<p>Localized swelling and pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary psychosocial conflict do children navigate at the age of 2 according to Erikson's stages?

<p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychomotor skill is typically expected from an infant at around 6 months of age?

<p>Sitting without support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Piaget's cognitive development, which stage applies to children aged 2 to 7 years who begin to think symbolically?

<p>Preoperational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is prioritized when caring for a child who has undergone a tonsillectomy?

<p>Assessing for bleeding tendencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the age for effective potty training readiness in children?

<p>Children are usually ready by 12 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is usually considered NOT associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children?

<p>High fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Elizabeth Kubler Ross's model of grief, which stage is characterized by a desire to withdraw from others?

<p>Depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

<p>Co-sleeping with parents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone is not commonly observed in infants under 9 months?

<p>Standing independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac condition involves the presence of four anatomical defects?

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What developmental focus is crucial in the management of children with failure to thrive?

<p>Adaptive parenting strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of children with sickle cell anemia, which complication is most critical to monitor?

<p>Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent symptom of Kawasaki's disease that clinicians should be aware of?

<p>Fever unresponsive to treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a key aspect of care for a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>Consistent routines and structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the assessment of cerebral palsy, which observation is typically noted?

<p>Difficulty in maintaining balance and posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In newborn care, which intervention is crucial for preventing complications associated with respiratory distress?

<p>Immediate suctioning of the airways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)?

<p>Presence of a single palmar crease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing congenital heart defects?

<p>Maternal diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is prioritized in the nursing care of a patient experiencing a seizure?

<p>Positioning the patient on their side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is indicative of chronic anemia in a pediatric patient?

<p>Pale conjunctiva and skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for patients diagnosed with bladder exstrophy?

<p>Increased risk of urinary tract infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of burns, what area would classify as a major burn?

<p>A burn covering 20% of body surface area in an adult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological aspect is often affected in children with growth hormone deficiency?

<p>Heightened social anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark symptom of Rocky Mountain spotted fever that differentiates it from other illnesses?

<p>Petechial rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality is most effective for managing leukemia in children?

<p>Chemotherapy as a primary treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential complication of untreated mononucleosis in pediatric patients?

<p>Splenic rupture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may frequently occur in conjunction with immunosuppression?

<p>Opportunistic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of untreated lice infestations in children?

<p>Secondary bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is most utilized for the early diagnosis of Wilms tumor?

<p>Ultrasound imaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by improper alignment of the spine that may develop during growth?

<p>Scoliosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in providing age-appropriate diabetes care?

<p>Inconsistent metabolic control rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with untreated persistent diarrhea in children?

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental issue is directly related to a congenital defect affecting the urethra in males?

<p>Hypospadias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant potential outcome of chronic nephrotic syndrome if left untreated?

<p>Acute renal failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves an obstruction at the pylorus affecting gastric emptying?

<p>Pyloric stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical symptom of osteomyelitis in pediatric patients?

<p>Localized swelling and pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial in the management of iron deficiency anemia?

<p>Iron supplementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the kidneys often due to infections?

<p>Nephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital condition is associated with the incomplete fusion of the facial structures leading to a gap in the lip and palate?

<p>Cleft lip/palate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often a result of chronic urinary tract infections in children?

<p>Vesicoureteral reflux (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following developmental milestones to the appropriate age range:

<p>Crawling = 6-9 months Walking = 12-15 months First words = 10-12 months Potty training = 2-3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of Erikson's psychosocial development to their respective conflicts:

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust = Infancy Autonomy vs. Shame = Early Childhood Initiative vs. Guilt = Preschool Age Identity vs. Role Confusion = Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of Piaget's cognitive development to their descriptions:

<p>Sensorimotor = Learning through sensory experiences Preoperational = Thinking symbolically, egocentric Concrete Operational = Logical thinking about concrete events Formal Operational = Abstract and hypothetical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of grief according to Elizabeth Kubler Ross to their corresponding stages:

<p>Denial = Numbness and disbelief Anger = Frustration and resistance Bargaining = Trying to change the outcome Acceptance = Coming to terms with loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory issues to their descriptions:

<p>Epiglottitis = Inflammation of the epiglottis RSV = Common respiratory virus in infants Tonsillectomy = Surgical removal of tonsils Trach care = Maintenance of a tracheostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms to their related conditions:

<p>Cyanosis = Epiglottitis Inspiratory stridor = Croup Fever = RSV Dysphagia = Tonsillectomy recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of failure to thrive to their types:

<p>Organic = Medical conditions affecting growth Non-organic = Growth issues due to psychosocial factors Acute = Recent onset of weight loss Chronic = Long-standing poor growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of child safety precautions to their descriptions:

<p>Car seat safety = Use of appropriate restraints in vehicles Choking hazards = Avoidance of small, easily swallowed items Water safety = Supervision during baths and pools Home safety = Child-proofing the living environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated characteristics:

<p>Exstrophy of bladder = Congenital defect affecting urinary system Burns = Tissue damage caused by heat or chemicals Lice = Infestation of hair and scalp Mononucleosis = Viral infection causing fatigue and sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to diabetes care with their descriptions:

<p>Age appropriate diabetes care = Tailored management for different developmental stages Growth hormone deficiency = Lack of adequate growth hormone leading to short stature Immunosuppression = Decreased immune response causing vulnerability Leukemia = Blood cancer affecting white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of burns with their characteristics:

<p>First-degree burn = Affects only the outer layer of skin Second-degree burn = Involves the outer and underlying layer of skin Third-degree burn = Destroys both layers of skin affecting deeper tissues Fourth-degree burn = Extends through skin to underlying tissues and bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cancers with their common features:

<p>Wilms tumor = Kidney cancer common in children Leukemia = Characterized by the proliferation of immature blood cells Immunosuppression = Increased risk of infections due to reduced immunity Rocky Mountain spotted fever = Infectious disease transmitted by ticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatment approaches with their corresponding conditions:

<p>Lice treatment = Application of pediculicides Age appropriate diabetes care = Education on managing insulin and blood sugar Growth hormone therapy = Administering synthetic hormones for growth Burn wound care = Cleaning, dressing and managing pain of burn areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their respective conditions:

<p>Fatigue = Mononucleosis Sore throat = Mononucleosis Short stature = Growth hormone deficiency Frequent infections = Immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their primary symptoms:

<p>Iron deficiency anemia = Fatigue and pallor Scoliosis = Abnormal curvature of the spine Cleft lip/palate = Facial deformities and feeding difficulties Diarrhea/dehydration = Frequent watery stools and electrolyte loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following urological conditions with their characteristics:

<p>Hypospadias = Abnormal urethra positioning Chordee = Curvature of the penis UTI = Painful urination and frequent urge Nephrotic syndrome = Proteinuria and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risk factors with their associated conditions:

<p>Heat exposure = Burns Ticks = Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lack of growth hormone = Growth hormone deficiency Poor hygiene = Lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pediatric conditions with their management strategies:

<p>Leukemia = Chemotherapy and supportive care Exstrophy of bladder = Surgical intervention and management Burns = Fluid resuscitation and wound care Growth hormone deficiency = Regular monitoring and hormone replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their typical impact:

<p>Pyloric stenosis = Projectile vomiting Cleft lip/palate = Challenges in breastfeeding Diarrhea/dehydration = Risk of hypovolemia Iron deficiency anemia = Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following musculoskeletal conditions with their treatment options:

<p>Scoliosis = Bracing or surgery Osteomyelitis = Antibiotics and sometimes surgery Chronic arthritis = Anti-inflammatory medications Hypospadias = Surgical correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:

<p>Diarrhea/dehydration = Loss of fluid and electrolytes Scoliosis = Persistent back pain Iron deficiency anemia = Brittle nails UTI = Lower abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms to their associated GI conditions:

<p>Cleft lip/palate = Difficulty in oral feeding Pyloric stenosis = Constant hunger after vomiting Diarrhea/dehydration = Signs of shock Osteomyelitis = Localized bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pediatric conditions with their common complications:

<p>Cleft lip/palate = Speech difficulties Iron deficiency anemia = Developmental delays Hypospadias = Infection risk Nephrotic syndrome = Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their corresponding conditions:

<p>Osteomyelitis = Long-term antibiotics Diarrhea/dehydration = Rehydration therapy Scoliosis = Observation or surgical intervention Nephrotic syndrome = Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated care considerations:

<p>Trisomy 21 = Early intervention and support services Cerebral palsy = Physical therapy and mobility aids Autism = Behavioral therapy and communication support Sickle cell anemia = Hydration and pain management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cardiac conditions with their features:

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot = Cyanosis and right-to-left shunt Kawasaki's disease = Fever and rash along with potential for coronary artery damage Congenital heart defect = Abnormal heart structure present at birth Cardiac cath = Minimally invasive procedure for diagnosis and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nursing interventions with their related conditions:

<p>Seizure care = Positioning the patient on their side Newborn respiratory care = Monitoring oxygen saturation CBC interpretation = Assessing white blood cell count Sickle cell anemia = Educating about infection prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following developmental issues with their behavioral characteristics:

<p>Cerebral palsy = Muscle stiffness and poor motor coordination Autism = Difficulty with social interactions Trisomy 21 = Intellectual disability and distinct facial features Seizure disorders = Episodes of altered consciousness or convulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the relevant childhood condition:

<p>Cyanosis = Tetralogy of Fallot Crisis episodes = Sickle cell anemia Rash and fever = Kawasaki's disease Hypotonia = Cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatment approaches with their associated conditions:

<p>Hydroxyurea = Sickle cell anemia management Behavioral interventions = Autism spectrum disorder Cardiac monitoring = Congenital heart defects Physical therapy = Cerebral palsy support</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical procedures with their purposes:

<p>Cardiac catheterization = To visualize heart abnormalities CBC = To assess overall health and detect disorders Respiratory support = To assist with breathing in newborns Seizure protocol = To ensure patient safety during seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their genotypic basis:

<p>Trisomy 21 = Extra chromosome 21 Sickle cell anemia = Mutation in the HBB gene Cerebral palsy = Varied causes including brain injury Autism = Complex genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Child Safety

Practices to protect children from harm, including injury prevention and safety awareness.

Family-centered Care

A model of care that prioritizes family input and involvement in the child's treatment, providing a sense of support and control.

Erikson Stages

Psychosocial developmental stages that describe how children grow and adapt socially and emotionally.

Piaget Stages

Cognitive developmental stages that explore how children's thinking abilities progress.

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Kubler-Ross Stages

Stages of grief and loss that children (and adults) may experience.

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Failure to Thrive

A medical condition in infants characterized by poor weight gain and developmental delays.

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Tonsillectomy

Surgical removal of the tonsils usually due to frequent infections

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Trach Care

Specialized care for children with tracheostomy tubes, focusing on airway management for respiratory support.

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Newborn Respiratory Care

Care provided to newborns with breathing difficulties.

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Seizure Care

Management of seizures in patients.

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Trisomy 21

Genetic disorder resulting in extra chromosome 21.

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Cerebral Palsy

Disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is present at birth or emerges soon after.

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Autism

Neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges.

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Cardiac Catheterization

Procedure used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.

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Congenital Heart Defects

Heart conditions present at birth.

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CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Blood test that measures various components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

A condition where the body lacks enough iron to produce red blood cells, causing fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

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Scoliosis

A sideways curvature of the spine that can cause back pain, uneven shoulders, and a prominent rib hump.

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Osteomyelitis

A bone infection that can cause pain, swelling, redness, and fever, often caused by bacteria.

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Cleft Lip/Palate

A birth defect where the upper lip and/or roof of the mouth don't close completely during pregnancy.

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Diarrhea/Dehydration

Frequent watery stools that can lead to dehydration, characterized by thirst, dry mouth, and decreased urination.

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Pyloric Stenosis

A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, the muscular valve between the stomach and small intestine, causing forceful vomiting.

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Hypospadias

A birth defect in males where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, instead of the tip.

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Exstrophy of bladder

A rare birth defect where the bladder is exposed outside the body.

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Burns: Superficial

Only the outermost layer of skin is affected - redness, pain, and swelling.

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Burns: Partial thickness

Damage extends to the dermis, causing blisters and deeper pain.

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Burns: Full thickness

All layers of skin are destroyed, leading to white or charred appearance and numbness.

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Lice

Tiny insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood, causing itching and irritation.

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Diabetes care: Age-appropriate

Tailoring diabetes management to a child's age, understanding their needs, and involving them in decisions.

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Growth Hormone Deficiency

A condition where the body doesn't produce enough growth hormone, leading to slow growth.

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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A tick-borne bacterial infection that can cause a rash, fever, and headache.

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What are the stages of grief?

The Kubler-Ross stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. These stages describe how people emotionally process loss and death, but they do not necessarily progress in a linear or predictable way.

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What is the difference between the sensorimotor and preoperational stages in Piaget's theory?

The sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) is characterized by learning through senses and actions, with object permanence developing. The preoperational stage (2-7 years) involves symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and difficulty with conservation.

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Describe a child's typical behavior in the trust vs. mistrust stage.

In Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage (birth to 1 year), infants develop trust through consistent and loving care. If their needs are not met consistently, they may develop mistrust and insecurity.

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What is the "back to sleep" campaign and why is it important?

The "Back to Sleep" campaign promotes placing infants on their backs for sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). This position helps keep the airway open and reduces the risk of suffocation.

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How can a caregiver tell if a child is dehydrated?

Signs of dehydration in a child include a dry mouth, sunken eyes, decreased urination, and lethargy. Dehydration can be a serious problem, especially in infants, and needs medical attention.

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What are the four stages of a tonsillectomy recovery?

The four stages of a tonsillectomy recovery are: 1) Post-operative: Pain, discomfort, and bleeding are common. 2) Pain management: Pain relief is crucial, especially in the first few days. 3) Diet changes: Soft foods are recommended to avoid irritation. 4) Returning to normal activities: Gradual return to school and activities.

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What are the signs of croup?

Croup is an upper respiratory infection that causes a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, and noisy breathing, especially at night.

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What is a tracheostomy tube?

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea (windpipe) to allow breathing around an obstruction. A tracheostomy tube is inserted into this opening.

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What is a common symptom of Kawasaki's disease?

One of the most obvious signs of Kawasaki's disease is a rash that often looks like a sunburn and appears on the torso, arms, and legs.

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What does a cardiac cath involve?

A cardiac catheterization, or heart cath, is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guided to the heart.

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What is a common sign of a seizure?

One of the most common signs of a seizure is a sudden change in consciousness, which might involve loss of awareness or becoming unresponsive.

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What's a characteristic feature of Cerebral Palsy?

One of the most noticeable characteristics of Cerebral Palsy is difficulty controlling movements, often resulting in stiffness, weakness, or a lack of coordination.

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What is a key difference between a superficial burn and a partial-thickness burn?

A superficial burn only damages the outermost layer of skin, while a partial-thickness burn affects both the outermost and middle layers of skin.

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What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex heart defect that involves four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure.

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What is one of the most important things to do when caring for a child with sickle cell anemia?

One of the most critical aspects of caring for a child with sickle cell anemia is providing adequate hydration to help prevent painful episodes.

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What is a common finding in a complete blood count (CBC) for a patient with a blood disorder?

A CBC can reveal abnormalities in red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, which can indicate a variety of blood disorders.

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What causes dehydration?

Dehydration happens when you lose more fluids than you take in. This could be from vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive sweating.

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Chordee

A condition where the penis curves downward because of a band of tissue.

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What is exstrophy of the bladder?

A rare birth defect where the bladder is exposed outside the body. The bladder wall is open and the urethra is often split, leaving the bladder exposed.

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What are superficial burns?

Burns that only affect the outermost layer of skin (epidermis). They cause redness, pain, and swelling.

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What are partial thickness burns?

Burns that damage both the outer layer (epidermis) and the inner layer (dermis). They cause blisters, deeper pain, and may scar.

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What is diabetes care like for children?

Diabetes care for children must be adjusted to their age and development. This involves educating them about their condition, helping them manage their blood sugar levels, and promoting healthy habits.

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What are the main symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne illness. The main symptoms include a rash, fever, and headache.

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What is Mononucleosis?

Mononucleosis, known as the 'kissing disease', is a viral infection. It causes fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.

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What is Leukemia?

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are made.

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What are some child safety measures?

Protecting children from harm involves many things: car seat safety, preventing falls, safeguarding against poisoning, fire safety, water safety, and teaching about strangers.

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What is a key principle of family-centered care?

Family-centered care means involving families in all aspects of the child's care, respecting their choices, and supporting them as they navigate their child's healthcare journey.

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What are the stages of Erikson's theory?

Erikson's stages describe psychosocial development from infancy to adulthood: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame/doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, ego integrity vs. despair.

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What is the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory?

The preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is when children develop symbolic thinking, language, and imagination but struggle with understanding conservation and logic.

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What are some signs of dehydration?

Dehydration in children can manifest as dry mouth, sunken eyes, decreased urination, lethargy, and irritability. It's crucial to address these signs with fluids and medical attention if needed.

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What are the main symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

Kawasaki disease causes a fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and can lead to complications affecting the heart if left untreated.

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What is a cardiac catheterization used for?

Cardiac catheterization is a procedure that uses a thin tube to diagnose and treat heart conditions by visualizing the heart chambers and blood vessels.

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What is a characteristic sign of a seizure?

Seizures are often characterized by sudden changes in consciousness, muscle spasms, and sometimes loss of control over bodily functions.

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What is a common finding in a complete blood count (CBC) for a blood disorder?

A CBC can reveal abnormalities in red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, indicating various blood disorders like anemia, leukemia, and infections.

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Newborn Respiratory Distress

A condition where a newborn has difficulty breathing, often due to underdeveloped lungs or fluid in the lungs.

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Seizure First Aid

Steps taken to protect a child during a seizure, including ensuring safety, preventing injury, and monitoring their condition.

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Trisomy 21 Characteristics

Physical and developmental features associated with Down syndrome, including a flat facial profile, upward slanting eyes, and single deep crease across the palm.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

A neurodevelopmental condition that impacts social skills, communication, and behavior, often leading to difficulty with social interaction and repetitive behaviors.

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Cardiac Catheterization Purpose

A procedure where a thin tube is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to diagnose and treat heart conditions.

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Tetralogy of Fallot

A complex heart defect involving four specific heart abnormalities, often leading to blue skin due to low oxygen levels.

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Kawasaki's Disease

A rare condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body, often presenting with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes.

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Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, causing them to become sickle-shaped, leading to pain, fatigue, and other health complications.

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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A blood test that measures various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, to assess overall health and detect blood disorders.

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Nephrotic Syndrome

A kidney disorder that causes swelling, protein loss in urine, and high cholesterol.

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Superficial Burn

Only the outermost layer of skin (epidermis) is affected. Causes redness, pain, and swelling.

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Partial Thickness Burn

Damages both the outer layer (epidermis) and the inner layer (dermis). Causes blisters, deeper pain, and may scar.

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Full Thickness Burn

All layers of skin are destroyed, leading to a white or charred appearance and numbness.

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Age-Appropriate Diabetes Care

Tailoring diabetes management to a child's age and developmental stage. Involves education, blood sugar control, and healthy habits.

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Mononucleosis

A viral infection often called the 'kissing disease'. Causes fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.

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Leukemia

Cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are made.

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SIDS Risk Factors

Factors that increase the chance of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), such as sleeping on the stomach, smoking around the baby, and sharing a bed with an adult.

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Tonsillectomy Recovery

The process of healing after the surgical removal of the tonsils, involving pain management, dietary changes, and gradual return to normal activities.

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Trach Care Essentials

Key aspects of caring for children with a tracheostomy tube, such as suctioning, cleaning, and ensuring airway patency.

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Epiglottitis Symptoms

Signs of a serious infection of the epiglottis, including fever, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and a 'tripod' posture.

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RSV Transmission

How respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) spreads, primarily through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing.

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Potty Training Readiness

Indicators that a child is ready for potty training, including showing interest in using the toilet, staying dry for longer periods, and having the ability to communicate their needs.

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Failure to Thrive Causes

Underlying factors that contribute to a child failing to grow and develop at the expected rate, such as medical conditions, feeding difficulties, and emotional problems.

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9-Month-Old Milestones

Developmental achievements typically reached by infants at 9 months of age, such as sitting without support, crawling, and understanding simple words.

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Study Notes

Child Safety

  • Most significant risk factor for death or serious injury in a car crash is failure to use a size-appropriate restraint system
  • Use an approved car seat based on age and weight (4 yrs/40 lbs and 8 yrs/80 lbs)
  • Infants should be rear-facing until age 2 unless reaching maximum weight/height for the seat
  • Forward-facing seats require a harness system and the back of the seat should be higher than the top of the head
  • The back seat is the safest location in a vehicle for children
  • Child should remain in the back seat until age 13

Home Infant Safety

  • Choking hazards
  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
  • Hazards around the home (stairs, walkers, cords)
  • Falling
  • Accidental poisoning
  • Animals
  • Drowning (water-related incidents)
  • Burns
  • Toy safety

Hospital Infant Safety

  • Crib rails up
  • No small objects/toys
  • Minimize bedding
  • Observe tubes given to the child
  • Encourage family presence or nearby presence
  • Ensure correct type of formula or breast milk for the child

Poison prevention

  • Keep medications out of children's reach
  • Keep medications in their original containers
  • Do not refer to medications as candy
  • Provide poison control information
  • Assess the child immediately (ABCs - Airway, Breathing, Circulation)

Other points

  • Approximately 90% of poisonings occur in the home.
  • Developmental characteristics make children more susceptible to accidental poisoning, such as curiosity, experimentation, and imitation.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of child safety, including car safety, home hazards, and hospital precautions for infants. Learn about proper restraint systems, minimizing risks around the home, and ensuring safety in hospital settings. Test your knowledge on how to protect children from various dangers they may encounter.

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