Chest X-Ray Analysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the 'A' in the chest x-ray analysis represent?

  • Airway (correct)
  • Aorta
  • Alveoli
  • Abdomen

Which characteristic is essential to be seen in a chest x-ray regarding the ribs?

  • Five ribs anteriorly
  • Six ribs anteriorly (correct)
  • Eight ribs posteriorly
  • Twelve ribs all around

What should be assessed concerning the costophrenic angles in a chest x-ray?

  • They should be rounded.
  • They should be sharp. (correct)
  • They should be elongated.
  • They should not be visible.

In chest x-ray analysis, what does the 'D' refer to?

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary regarding the positioning of the clavicles in a chest x-ray?

<p>They should be symmetrical and equidistant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the bony thorax?

<p>Thoracic cage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part is NOT a structural component of the bony thorax?

<p>Cervical vertebrae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What boundary is located posteriorly in the thorax?

<p>Thoracic vertebrae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the bony thorax NOT support?

<p>Abdominal organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bony thorax in relation to soft structures?

<p>Protects soft structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

<p>Naropharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the pharynx?

<p>Digesting food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position should the patient's feet be in during a PA chest X-ray?

<p>Feet placed slightly apart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature characterizes the trachea?

<p>C-shaped cartilage rings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is associated with the trachea?

<p>Air filtration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plane must be perpendicular to the image receptor during a PA chest X-ray?

<p>Median Sagittal plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the bifurcation of the trachea?

<p>It bifurcates into the left and right bronchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the collimated horizontal beam be centered for a PA chest X-ray?

<p>8th thoracic vertebrae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which position should the patient's hands be during the PA chest X-ray?

<p>Dorsal aspect of the hands on the posterior aspect below the hips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required inspiration level during a PA chest X-ray?

<p>Full normal arrested inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sternum?

<p>To support the clavicles and provide attachment for ribs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the sternum is located at the superior position?

<p>Manubrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the sternum typically?

<p>15 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is found at the upper border of the sternal angle?

<p>Suprasternal notch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones are attached to the sternum?

<p>Only the first 7 ribs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of vertebrae in the cervical spine?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spine has 12 vertebrae that have ribs attached?

<p>Thoracic Spine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the nose?

<p>Ciliated Columnar epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the nose?

<p>Warming and moistening air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regions of the abdomen does the liver occupy?

<p>Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and part of the left hypochondriac regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by the liver that aids in digestion?

<p>Bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of the liver in metabolism?

<p>Detoxification of harmful chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural components are included within the liver?

<p>Lobes and lobules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the pelvic girdle?

<p>Flat bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the superior border of the pelvic girdle?

<p>Iliac crest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located at the lateral end of the iliac crest?

<p>Anterior Superior iliac spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bony prominence is immediately above the acetabulum?

<p>Anterior Inferior iliac spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lies posterior to the iliac crests?

<p>Posterior Superior iliac crests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pulmonary circulation?

<p>Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the aorta primarily supply blood to?

<p>Upper body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood is carried by systemic circulation?

<p>Oxygenated blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the thoracic aorta primarily supply?

<p>Lower body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pulmonary circulation?

<p>Carries oxygenated blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the gall bladder's structure?

<p>Serous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gall bladder?

<p>Storage of bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the location of the gall bladder?

<p>Posterior to the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gall bladder is NOT one of its anatomical divisions?

<p>Tail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary function of the gall bladder besides bile storage?

<p>Concentration of bile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PA Chest X-ray

A type of chest X-ray where the patient's anterior (front) side faces the image receptor.

Median Sagittal Plane

An imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves. In a PA chest X-ray, this plane needs to be perpendicular to the image receptor.

Shoulders Rotated Forward

The patient's shoulders should be rotated forward slightly to ensure the scapulae are pulled away from the lung fields, providing a clearer image of the lungs.

Beam Centering

The X-ray beam should be centered at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebrae (using the inferior angle of the scapula as a landmark), ensuring a clear image of the lungs.

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Full Inspiration

During the X-ray, the patient should take a full breath and hold it, ensuring the lungs are fully inflated for a clearer image.

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Airway

Trachea should be centered and straight on a chest x-ray. Any deviation indicates a possible rotation

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Bones

Check for any fractures or abnormalities. The clavicles should be positioned at the same level and symmetrical.

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Costophrenic angles

These angles, located where the ribs meet the diaphragm, should be sharp and clear. Any blurriness could indicate a fluid buildup.

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Diaphragm

The diaphragm should be smoothly curved and there should be air visible in the left costophrenic angle.

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Expiration

A proper x-ray should have enough air in the lungs to clearly visualize all of the chest structures.

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Bony Thorax

The bony cage that encloses the heart and lungs, protecting them and supporting the respiratory system.

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Thoracic Cage

Another name for the bony thorax, highlighting its protective function.

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What are the three main parts of the bony thorax?

The sternum (front), ribs (sides), and thoracic vertebrae (back) form the bony thorax.

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Thoracic Inlet

The superior opening of the thoracic cavity, allowing passage for structures to connect the head and neck to the chest.

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Pharynx Function

The pharynx is involved in several functions including swallowing, speech, taste, hearing, warming and humidifying air.

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Pharynx Regions

The pharynx is divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

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Trachea Structure

The trachea is a tube made of C-shaped cartilage rings connected by connective tissue.

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Trachea Bifurcation

The trachea branches into two tubes called the left and right bronchi.

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Trachea Function

The trachea functions in the cough reflex, supporting the airway, and warming and humidifying inhaled air.

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Sternum Location

The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest, extending vertically from the neck to the abdomen.

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Sternum Function

The sternum serves as a support for the clavicles (collar bones) and attaches to the first seven ribs.

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Sternum Parts

The sternum consists of three sections:

  1. Manubrium (top)
  2. Body (middle)
  3. Xiphoid process (bottom)
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Suprasternal Notch

The suprasternal notch is a visible indentation at the top of the sternum, between the two clavicles, often used as a landmark in anatomy.

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Sternal Angle

The sternal angle is a prominent ridge located where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet. It serves as a landmark for counting ribs.

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Cervical Spine

The top part of the spine, located in the neck. It consists of 7 vertebrae that connect the skull to the shoulders.

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Thoracic Spine

The middle part of the spine, located in the upper back. It has 12 vertebrae with ribs attached.

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Lumbar Spine

The lower part of the spine, located in the lower back. It consists of 5 vertebrae.

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What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, buccal cavity, and pharynx. This part of the respiratory system is responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening air before it enters the lungs.

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Nose structure and function

The nose has two equal passages separated by a septum. It's lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, helping to warm, moisten, and filter air.

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Pelvic Girdle

A ring-shaped structure made of three bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) that supports the weight of the upper body and protects internal organs.

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What is the superior border of the pelvic girdle?

The iliac crest, the highest part of which is level with the 4th lumbar vertebra.

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What lies at the lateral end of the iliac crest?

The Anterior Superior iliac spine, a bony prominence that serves as a landmark for attachment of muscles.

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What bony prominence lies above the acetabulum?

The Anterior Inferior iliac spine, another bony landmark.

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What lies posterior to the iliac crests?

The Posterior Superior iliac crests, a pair of bony prominences on the back of the pelvis.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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Systemic Circulation

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while collecting waste products.

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Thoracic Aorta

The descending portion of the aorta that supplies blood to the lower body.

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What does the Aorta supply to the upper body?

The aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the upper body, including the head, neck, arms, and chest.

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Liver Location

The liver resides in the upper abdomen, primarily in the right hypochondriac region, extending into the epigastric region and part of the left hypochondriac region.

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Liver Lobes & Lobules

The liver is composed of lobes, which are further divided into smaller units called lobules.

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Liver: Metabolism

One of the liver's main functions is to process and break down essential nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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Liver: Detoxification

The liver plays a crucial role in removing harmful substances from the blood, rendering them less toxic.

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Liver: Bile Production

The liver produces bile, a fluid essential for digesting fats.

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Gallbladder Function

The gallbladder stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the small intestine for digestion.

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Gallbladder Location

The gallbladder is located on the posterior surface of the liver, nestled under the right lobe.

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Gallbladder Structure

The gallbladder is composed of three main parts: fundus, body, and neck. It has a muscular wall lined with mucous membrane.

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What does bile do?

Bile helps break down fats in the small intestine.

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Why does the gallbladder concentrate bile?

The gallbladder concentrates bile by absorbing water, making it more potent for fat digestion.

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