Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma

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Questions and Answers

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of self antibodies or autoantibodies and damage to self tissues?

Isoimmunity

Alloimmunity

Autoimmunity (correct)

Histocompatibility

What is the distinguishing characteristic of Graves Disease?

Thyroid enlargement (goiter)

Tachycardia and palpitations

Weight loss

Exophthalmos (correct)

Which thyroid disorder is characterized by goiter and hypothyroidism?

Thrombocytopenia

Hashimoto Thyroiditis (correct)

Graves Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

What is the most common symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Graves Disease?

Antithyroid medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the major type of alloantigens that can cause transfusion reactions?

Blood group alloantigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema?

Stop the offending drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended prophylactic management before a stimulating procedure, such as surgery requiring endotracheal intubation or dental surgery?

Minimize incidental trauma to the oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of emergent management for angioedema?

Secure the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended for the treatment of bradykinin-mediated angioedema?

C1 inhibitor concentrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of angioedema?

Accelerate bradykinin metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for mast cell–mediated angioedema?

Administer epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease?

TNF inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of surgery in the immune system?

To destroy cancer cells and infectious organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are involved in the destruction of cancer cells and infectious organisms during surgery?

NK cells Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to perioperative immune system dysfunction?

Increasing age Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of surgical site infections (SSIs)?

Infections that occur within 90 days of the procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are commonly associated with surgical site infections?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hereditary angioedema?

It is characterized by facial and/or laryngeal edema lasting 24 to 72 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hereditary and acquired angioedema?

Acquired angioedema is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of C1 esterase inhibitor. Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger laryngeal attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of C1 esterase inhibitor in hereditary angioedema?

It prevents the release of vasoactive mediators. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of acquired angioedema?

It closely mimics hereditary angioedema. Signup and view all the answers

What can precipitate angioedema in patients with acquired angioedema?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of multiple myeloma?

Muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) in cancer treatment?

To target and destroy cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of MAB used in cancer treatment?

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in multiple myeloma treatment?

To restore normal blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of myeloma?

Kahler disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic procedure used to confirm multiple myeloma?

Bone marrow biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of relapse and remission?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test can detect Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

MRI scans Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease affects smaller joints and can spread to larger joints?

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells play a role in the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, butterfly-shaped rash, mouth sores, and arthritis?

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease results in the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas?

Type I Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Immune System Disorders and Their Management

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of relapse and remission.
MS is diagnosed through tests that measure immune cell subsets, B-cell antibodies, and other markers.
Females are affected by MS twice as often as males.
MS can be detected through MRI scans, elevated IgG levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, and decreased conduction velocity.
Treatment for MS includes disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and antineoplastic agents.
Anesthesia for MS patients should avoid hyperthermia and minimize changes in fluid homeostasis and central hemodynamics.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects smaller joints and can spread to larger joints.
RA is characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage and bone destruction, and systemic features.
T cells, B cells, and abnormal production of cytokines play a role in the development of RA.
Diagnostic tests for RA include elevated ESR and CRP levels, presence of RF and anti-CCP antibodies, and imaging findings.
Treatment for RA involves disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with widespread effects on various organs.
SLE is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, butterfly-shaped rash, mouth sores, arthritis, renal impairment, and abnormal blood tests.
Treatment for SLE includes avoiding triggers, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitors.
Type I Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Treatment for Type I Diabetes involves insulin replacement therapy.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDDs) are genetic defects in cells of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
PIDDs can be classified based on the affected immune cells and associated features.
Treatment for PIDDs includes supportive care, bone marrow transplantation, and biologic modifiers.
Acquired Immune Deficiency (AID) can be caused by various factors such as severe malnutrition, infections, and immunosuppressant drugs.
AID affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
Treatment of the primary condition usually improves the associated AID.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks CD4 T-cells.
Diagnosis of AIDS involves testing for HIV antigen and antibodies, as well as monitoring CD4 T-cell count.
Treatment for AIDS aims to suppress viral load with antiretroviral therapy.
Cancers of the immune system include leukemia and lymphoma.
LeChemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma, also known as Kahler disease, is the most common type of myeloma.
It is caused by a mutation in plasma B cells, leading to the rapid proliferation of abnormal myeloma cells that interfere with the production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Myeloma cells produce monoclonal proteins or M proteins, which accumulate into plasmacytomas that erode the bone cortex, causing osteoporosis and bone fractures, and are also deposited in organs throughout the body.
Symptoms of multiple myeloma include anemia, bleeding, bone lesions and pain, hypercalcemia, and renal failure.
Multiple myeloma is staged based on the degree of anemia, number of M proteins, and renal damage.
Diagnosis is confirmed through a bone marrow biopsy.
Treatment options for multiple myeloma include chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, targeted drug therapy with proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating drugs, monoclonal antibodies (MABs), interferon, bisphosphonates, and recombinant parathyroid hormone.
MABs are laboratory-engineered molecules that attach to abnormal cells and mark them for identification and destruction by the immune system.
MABs are used in the treatment of cancers and to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.
Examples of MABs used in cancer treatment include rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine.
Radioimmunotherapy combines a MAB with a radioactive isotope to target and destroy cancer cells.
Autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be used for advanced stages of multiple myeloma following high-dose chemotherapy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on chemotherapy and immunotherapy for multiple myeloma with this quiz. Learn about the causes, symptoms, staging, and treatment options for this common type of myeloma. Explore the use of monoclonal antibodies and radioimmunotherapy in cancer treatment. Challenge yourself with questions on autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.