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PH 13 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Problems
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PH 13 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Problems

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the digestive system does not have the same mucous protection as the stomach?

  • Small intestine
  • Esophagus
  • Duodenum (correct)
  • Pancreas

    • What is the purpose of prostaglandins in the stomach?

  • To maintain good blood flow (correct)
  • To neutralize stomach acid
  • To aid in digestion
  • To prevent ulcers

    • Which of the following is a direct-acting stimulus for nausea and vomiting?

  • Big meal
  • Motion sickness
  • Certain antibiotics
  • Fear or anxiety (correct)

    • What is the purpose of antiemetic drugs?

    <p>To change the sensation of nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is used to help neutralize gastric acid and reduce symptoms of indigestion and heartburn?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter causes nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or to its receptors in the GI system?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antidiarrheal drugs?

    <p>To reduce or stop loose, watery stools (diarrhea) and help restore normal bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiemetic drugs reduces or halts nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in the intestinal tract and the CTZ?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do antiemetic drugs do?

    <p>Prevent and treat nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major use of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>Reducing or preventing nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytoprotective drugs?

    <p>To protect the lining of the stomach and prevent further damage from stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common ending for drugs in the class of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>-setron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces gastric acid secretions by inhibiting the binding of histamine to H2 receptors on the parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Histamine H2-receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs promotes bowel movements by stimulating peristalsis, increasing the bulk of the stool, or by softening the stool?

    <p>Laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces GI motility and increases the ability of the intestine to absorb water, but does not have the analgesic or opioid-like effects?

    <p>Opioid agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, to move contents more quickly through the tract by blocking dopamine receptors?

    <p>Promotility drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain contains substance P/NK1 receptors that can cause nausea and vomiting when activated?

    <p>Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient experiences severe abdominal pain while taking antiemetic drugs?

    <p>Report the symptoms to the healthcare provider immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to give antiemetic drugs for nausea rather than waiting until the patient vomits?

    <p>Vomiting can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient vomits emesis that looks like coffee grounds or is red-tinged?

    <p>Report the symptoms to the healthcare provider immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is typically given as liquid-filled capsules and is used to reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>Dronabinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>5 mg/m2 orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in the CTZ and the intestinal tract?

    <p>Promotility drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common central nervous system (CNS) side effects for serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness, headache, and drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do the delayed nausea and vomiting typically start after chemotherapy?

    <p>Within 24 to 72 hours after chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the first in the class of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Aprepitant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the expected side effects of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Fatigue, diarrhea, and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common adverse reactions associated with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs interact with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists and can cause increased dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation?

    <p>Opioid drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system does not have the same mucous protection as the stomach?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common problems that the digestive system can have, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Vomiting and ulcer formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antiemetic drugs?

    <p>To prevent and treat nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Serotonin receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Antiemetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antidiarrheal drugs?

    <p>To reduce or stop loose, watery stools (diarrhea) and help restore normal bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is typically given as liquid-filled capsules and is used to reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>Dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, to move contents more quickly through the tract by blocking dopamine receptors?

    <p>Antiemetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiemetic drugs reduces or halts nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in the intestinal tract and the CTZ?

    <p>Substance P antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common ending for drugs in the class of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>-setron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain contains substance P/NK1 receptors that can cause nausea and vomiting when activated?

    <p>CTZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs interact with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists and can cause increased dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter causes nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or to its receptors in the GI system?

    <p>Substance P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prostaglandins in the stomach?

    <p>To protect the stomach lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common central nervous system (CNS) side effects for serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness and drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>5-10 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits the binding of histamine to H2 receptors on the parietal cells in the stomach, thereby decreasing gastric acid secretions?

    <p>Histamine H2-receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs promotes bowel movements by stimulating peristalsis, increasing the bulk of the stool, or by softening the stool?

    <p>Laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidiarrheals reduces GI motility and increases the ability of the intestine to absorb water, but does not have the analgesic or opioid-like effects?

    <p>Opioid agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antiemetic drug reduces nausea and vomiting by blocking dopamine receptors in the CTZ?

    <p>Phenothiazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is typically reserved for patients who continue to have nausea and vomiting who do not respond to other categories of antiemetics?

    <p>Cannabinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is typically given as a liquid-filled capsule and is used to reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>Dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>5 mg/m2 orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in the CTZ and the intestinal tract?

    <p>Promotility drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is most effective at managing delayed nausea and vomiting that often starts 24 to 72 hours after chemotherapy?

    <p>Substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected side effects of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction can occur when substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists are used with certain benzodiazepines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the adverse reactions associated with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Severe allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs do substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists interact with, causing increased dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation?

    <p>Opioid drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first drug in the class of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Aprepitant (Emend)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Antiemetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prostaglandins in the stomach?

    <p>To protect the lining of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter causes nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or to its receptors in the GI system?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major use of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>To prevent and treat nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain contains substance P/NK1 receptors that can cause nausea and vomiting when activated?

    <p>Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prostaglandins in the stomach?

    <p>To promote healthy blood flow to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common central nervous system (CNS) side effects for serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>10-20 mg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is responsible for causing nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or the GI system?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major use of substance P/neurokinin1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Reducing or preventing immediate and delayed nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiemetic drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected side effects of phenothiazines?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors do substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists block in the CTZ to prevent nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Substance P/NK1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rinsing the mouth carefully with clear liquids after vomiting?

    <p>To prevent oral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for taking antiemetic drugs to prevent vomiting?

    <p>Before vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances can substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists interact with, causing increased dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation?

    <p>Alcohol and drugs with sedating effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious adverse effect of cannabinoids?

    <p>Changes in motor movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for trimethobenzamide (Tigan)?

    <p>200 mg three to four times daily PRN (decrease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is blocked by cannabinoids to reduce nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of metoclopramide (Reglan) in the upper GI tract?

    <p>To stimulate peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces gastric acid secretions by binding to the proton pump of the parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Histamine H2-receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces or halts nausea and vomiting by blocking 5-HT3 receptors in the intestinal tract and the CTZ?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks the substance P/neurokinin1 (NK1) receptors in the CTZ, preventing substance P and neurokinin from triggering the CTZ?

    <p>Substance P/neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, to move contents more quickly through the tract by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in the CTZ and the intestinal tract?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prostaglandins in the stomach?

    <p>To protect the stomach lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter causes nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or to its receptors in the GI system?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system does not have the same mucous protection as the stomach?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>15-20 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient vomits emesis that looks like coffee grounds or is red-tinged?

    <p>Notify the healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after cancer chemotherapy and surgery?

    <p>Substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected side effects of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter causes nausea and vomiting when it binds to its receptors in either the CTZ or to its receptors in the GI system?

    <p>Substance P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs promotes bowel movements by stimulating peristalsis, increasing the bulk of the stool, or by softening the stool?

    <p>Laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is at risk for developing ulcers due to exposure to acid and digestive enzymes?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting that occur with any problem?

    <p>Serotonin receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain receives direct-acting stimuli that can cause nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Vomiting center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiemetic drugs affects dopamine receptors in the CTZ to reduce nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Phenothiazines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs promotes bowel movements by stimulating peristalsis, increasing the bulk of the stool, or by softening the stool?

    <p>Promotility drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>To reduce gastric acid secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is blocked by phenothiazine to reduce nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces or halts nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin receptors in the intestinal tract and the CTZ?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor in the CTZ can cause nausea and vomiting when activated?

    <p>Substance P/neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of substance P/neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor antagonists?

    <p>To block the substance P/NK1 receptors in the CTZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients taking antiemetics avoid?

    <p>Alcohol, sedatives, or tranquilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for taking antiemetic drugs?

    <p>To take the drug before vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases contraction of the upper GI tract, including the stomach and the small intestines, to move contents more quickly through the tract by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in the CTZ and the intestinal tract?

    <p>Promotility drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) as liquid-filled capsules?

    <p>5 mg/m2 orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common central nervous system (CNS) side effects for serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness, headache, and drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is typically given as liquid-filled capsules and is used to reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>Dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in the intestinal tract and the CTZ?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major use of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>To reduce or prevent the nausea and vomiting resulting from cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anesthesia-induced nausea and vomiting after surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces or prevents immediate and delayed nausea and vomiting by blocking the substance P/neurokinin1 receptors in the CTZ?

    <p>Substance P antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces nausea and vomiting by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in the CTZ?

    <p>Phenothiazines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected side effect of substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common adverse reactions associated with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs interacts with substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists, causing increased dizziness, drowsiness, and sedation?

    <p>Opioid drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists?

    <p>To reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drug interaction that can occur when substance P/NK1 receptor antagonists are used with certain benzodiazepines?

    <p>Increased dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do the delayed nausea and vomiting typically start after chemotherapy?

    <p>24 to 72 hours after chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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