Chemistry Units 1 and 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one limitation of the shell model?

  • It depicts the shapes of atoms accurately.
  • It explains the differences in energies between the electron shells.
  • It accurately predicts the order of electron filling in all cases.
  • It suggests all electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths. (correct)
  • Why do atoms become ions?

  • To achieve more stable outer shell configurations (correct)
  • To maintain a neutral charge at all times
  • To increase the number of valence electrons
  • To expand their outer shell configurations
  • What might cause scientists to reconsider the shell model?

  • Modern communication techniques between scientists
  • Findings that contradict the concept of nucleus
  • The availability of new laboratory equipment
  • Discoveries of new electron shell configurations (correct)
  • What characteristic of scandium's electron configuration does the shell model fail to explain?

    <p>The distribution of electrons in shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the electron configuration 2, 8, 8, 2?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do valence electrons in an atom determine?

    <p>The chemical properties of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between atoms and ions?

    <p>Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines an element?

    <p>An element consists of only one type of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subatomic particle is primarily responsible for defining the identity of an element?

    <p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct example of a molecule?

    <p>Oxygen gas, O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a compound from a molecule?

    <p>Compounds must contain two or more different elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of substances represents examples of compounds?

    <p>Water and Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the structure of diamond and graphite?

    <p>They exist as continuous lattice structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements represented in the periodic table?

    <p>By an element symbol along with atomic and mass numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of molecules?

    <p>They can be formed by single elements only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an atom loses electrons?

    <p>It becomes a cation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an anion?

    <p>A negatively charged ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of protons in an atom change when it becomes an ion?

    <p>It remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ions do metallic elements typically form?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a sodium cation (Na+)?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the process of ion formation?

    <p>Gaining or losing electrons causes ion formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ion formation, what is achieved by metals losing electrons?

    <p>Stability in outer shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge of an atom that gains electrons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many neutrons are present in an atom of sodium with a mass number of 23?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines isotopes of an element?

    <p>Same number of protons but different number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of an isotope that has 8 protons and 10 neutrons?

    <p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following isotopes of oxygen has the highest mass number?

    <p>Oxygen-18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about isotopes of an element?

    <p>They have identical chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notation is used to represent isotopes?

    <p>A/Z E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of aluminium with only one isotope, aluminium-27?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of isotopes in terms of physical properties?

    <p>They have different isotopic masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons does an oxygen atom have, and what does that indicate about its atomic number?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotope of oxygen is represented by the symbol 168 O?

    <p>Oxygen-16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Chemistry

    • Third edition of "Jacaranda Chemistry VCE Units 1 and 2" published in 2023, featuring multiple contributing authors including Robert Stokes and Angela Stubbs.
    • The book's ISBN is 978-1-1198-8431-6, with moral rights asserted by the authors.

    Elements and Atoms

    • Elements consist of only one type of atom, defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
    • Subatomic particles in atoms include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Most elements exist as multiple atoms; helium and neon are exceptions.

    Molecules and Compounds

    • Molecules comprise two or more atoms that are chemically combined, which can be the same or different elements (e.g., H2 for hydrogen gas, CO2 for carbon dioxide).
    • Compounds contain two or more elements, although not all compounds are molecules. Examples include diamond and graphite, which form continuous lattice structures.

    Atomic Representation

    • Each element is represented by a symbol, along with its atomic number (number of protons) and mass number (total of protons and neutrons).
    • For instance, sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23, represented as 23/11 Na, indicating 11 protons and 12 neutrons.

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in differing mass numbers.
    • Naturally occurring oxygen comprises three isotopes: oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18.

    Electron Configuration and Shell Model

    • The electron configuration can be visualized using shell model diagrams, showing electrons arranged in concentric rings around the nucleus.
    • Limitations of the shell model exist; it does not completely explain the energy differences between electron shells or the filling order of electrons.

    Ions

    • Ions are charged atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons, resulting in a disparity between the number of protons and electrons.
    • Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons (e.g., Na+), while anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons (e.g., Cl–).

    Metallic Ion Formation

    • Metallic elements, located on the left side of the periodic table, typically lose electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration in their outer shells.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts from 'Jacaranda Chemistry VCE Units 1 and 2'. This quiz covers elements, atoms, molecules, and compounds. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the building blocks of chemistry.

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