Chemistry Units 1 and 2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one limitation of the shell model?

It depicts the shapes of atoms accurately.

It explains the differences in energies between the electron shells.

It accurately predicts the order of electron filling in all cases.

It suggests all electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths. (correct)

Why do atoms become ions?

To achieve more stable outer shell configurations (correct)

To maintain a neutral charge at all times

To increase the number of valence electrons

To expand their outer shell configurations

What might cause scientists to reconsider the shell model?

Modern communication techniques between scientists

Findings that contradict the concept of nucleus

The availability of new laboratory equipment

Discoveries of new electron shell configurations (correct)

What characteristic of scandium's electron configuration does the shell model fail to explain?

The distribution of electrons in shells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the electron configuration 2, 8, 8, 2?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do valence electrons in an atom determine?

The chemical properties of an element (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between atoms and ions?

Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines an element?

An element consists of only one type of atom. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What subatomic particle is primarily responsible for defining the identity of an element?

Protons (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct example of a molecule?

Oxygen gas, O2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a compound from a molecule?

Compounds must contain two or more different elements. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of substances represents examples of compounds?

Water and Carbon Dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the structure of diamond and graphite?

They exist as continuous lattice structures. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are elements represented in the periodic table?

By an element symbol along with atomic and mass numbers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of molecules?

They can be formed by single elements only. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an atom loses electrons?

It becomes a cation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an anion?

A negatively charged ion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of protons in an atom change when it becomes an ion?

It remains the same. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ions do metallic elements typically form?

Cations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a sodium cation (Na+)?

Positive (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the process of ion formation?

Gaining or losing electrons causes ion formation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ion formation, what is achieved by metals losing electrons?

Stability in outer shells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the charge of an atom that gains electrons?

It becomes negatively charged. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons are present in an atom of sodium with a mass number of 23?

12 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines isotopes of an element?

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an isotope that has 8 protons and 10 neutrons?

18 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following isotopes of oxygen has the highest mass number?

Oxygen-18 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about isotopes of an element?

They have identical chemical properties. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which notation is used to represent isotopes?

A/Z E (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of aluminium with only one isotope, aluminium-27?

13 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of isotopes in terms of physical properties?

They have different isotopic masses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many protons does an oxygen atom have, and what does that indicate about its atomic number?

8 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which isotope of oxygen is represented by the symbol 168 O?

Oxygen-16 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Chemistry

Third edition of "Jacaranda Chemistry VCE Units 1 and 2" published in 2023, featuring multiple contributing authors including Robert Stokes and Angela Stubbs.
The book's ISBN is 978-1-1198-8431-6, with moral rights asserted by the authors.

Elements and Atoms

Elements consist of only one type of atom, defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
Subatomic particles in atoms include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Most elements exist as multiple atoms; helium and neon are exceptions.

Molecules and Compounds

Molecules comprise two or more atoms that are chemically combined, which can be the same or different elements (e.g., H2 for hydrogen gas, CO2 for carbon dioxide).
Compounds contain two or more elements, although not all compounds are molecules. Examples include diamond and graphite, which form continuous lattice structures.

Atomic Representation

Each element is represented by a symbol, along with its atomic number (number of protons) and mass number (total of protons and neutrons).
For instance, sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23, represented as 23/11 Na, indicating 11 protons and 12 neutrons.

Isotopes

Isotopes are forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in differing mass numbers.
Naturally occurring oxygen comprises three isotopes: oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18.

Electron Configuration and Shell Model

The electron configuration can be visualized using shell model diagrams, showing electrons arranged in concentric rings around the nucleus.
Limitations of the shell model exist; it does not completely explain the energy differences between electron shells or the filling order of electrons.

Ions

Ions are charged atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons, resulting in a disparity between the number of protons and electrons.
Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons (e.g., Na+), while anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons (e.g., Cl–).

Metallic Ion Formation

Metallic elements, located on the left side of the periodic table, typically lose electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration in their outer shells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts from 'Jacaranda Chemistry VCE Units 1 and 2'. This quiz covers elements, atoms, molecules, and compounds. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the building blocks of chemistry.