Chemistry Unit 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond exists between 2 nonmetals?

A binary covalent bond

What are 3 differences between ionic and covalent compounds?

  1. Ionic involves a metal and a nonmetal, while covalent involves 2 nonmetals. 2) Ionic steals electrons, covalent shares electrons. 3) Ionic can conduct electricity when dissolved, covalent is usually a poor conductor.

Does water share electrons equally, and what does this mean?

No, water does not share electrons equally; it is polar.

If H has an electronegativity of 2.1 and Cl has an electronegativity of 3.0, is the bond polar, nonpolar, or ionic?

<p>Polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you name alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

<p>Prefix + -ane for alkanes, -ene for alkenes, and -yne for alkynes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the prefixes for organic compounds 1-4?

<p>Meth-, Eth-, Prop-, But-</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you tell if something is an alcohol?

<p>It has an OH 'tail'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you name an alcohol?

<p>Prefix + -yl + alcohol. Alkane name subtract -e + -ol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are valence electrons important?

<p>They determine bonding reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons do Ca, Si, Ar, K, and Te have?

<p>Ca=2, Si=4, Ar=8, K=1, Te=6</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's a polyatomic ion?

<p>Many atoms with a charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the compound WF2 ionic or covalent, and how do you know?

<p>Covalent, because it consists of nonmetals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar?

<p>Polar do not share equally; nonpolar share equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can electronegativity determine if a compound is nonpolar, polar, or ionic?

<p>Subtract elements' electronegativities: 0-0.4=nonpolar, 0.4-2.0=polar, more than 2.0=ionic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds have lines representing bonds in their Lewis dot diagrams.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Binary Covalent Bonds

  • Formed between two nonmetals.

Differences Between Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  • Ionic compounds include metals and nonmetals, while covalent compounds consist of nonmetals only.
  • Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons; covalent compounds involve sharing of electrons.
  • Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when dissolved; covalent compounds are generally poor conductors.

Water's Polarity

  • Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons.

Electronegativity and Polarity

  • A compound with H (2.1) and Cl (3.0) is polar due to the difference in electronegativity.

Naming Organic Compounds

  • Alkanes use the suffix -ane, alkenes use -ene, and alkynes use -yne, combined with prefixes.

Organic Compound Prefixes

  • Prefixes for organic compounds include: Meth- (1), Eth- (2), Prop- (3), But- (4).

Identification of Alcohols

  • Alcohols are characterized by the presence of an -OH "tail".

Naming Alcohols

  • Alcohols are named by the prefix + -yl + alcohol, adjusting the alkane name by subtracting -e and adding -ol.

Importance of Valence Electrons

  • Valence electrons are crucial for determining bonding and chemical reactivity.

Valence Electrons in Specific Elements

  • Calcium (Ca): 2, Silicon (Si): 4, Argon (Ar): 8, Potassium (K): 1, Tellurium (Te): 6.

Polyatomic Ions

  • Comprised of multiple atoms that collectively carry a charge.

Identifying Compounds (WF2)

  • WF2 is an ionic compound as it contains a metal (W) and a nonmetal (F).

Polar vs Nonpolar Compounds

  • Polar compounds do not share electrons equally; nonpolar compounds share electrons equally.

Using Electronegativity to Determine Compound Type

  • Determine bond type by subtracting electronegativities:
    • 0-0.4: Nonpolar
    • 0.4-2.0: Polar
    • Greater than 2.0: Ionic

Ionic Compounds in Lewis Dot Diagrams

  • False: Ionic compounds are not represented with lines for bonds in Lewis dot diagrams; covalent compounds are.

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