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Questions and Answers
Who first proposed the atomic theory of matter on a firm scientific basis?
Who first proposed the atomic theory of matter on a firm scientific basis?
What did John Dalton's atomic theory regard the atom as?
What did John Dalton's atomic theory regard the atom as?
What did the experimental observations made by scientists in the late 19th and early 20th century establish about atoms?
What did the experimental observations made by scientists in the late 19th and early 20th century establish about atoms?
What was one of the major problems for scientists after the discovery of sub-atomic particles?
What was one of the major problems for scientists after the discovery of sub-atomic particles?
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What did Dalton's atomic theory successfully explain?
What did Dalton's atomic theory successfully explain?
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Who showed that if electricity is passed through a solution of an electrolyte, chemical reactions occurred at the electrodes?
Who showed that if electricity is passed through a solution of an electrolyte, chemical reactions occurred at the electrodes?
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What did Michael Faraday's results suggest about electricity?
What did Michael Faraday's results suggest about electricity?
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When did many scientists, mainly Faraday, begin to study electrical discharge in partially evacuated tubes?
When did many scientists, mainly Faraday, begin to study electrical discharge in partially evacuated tubes?
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What were the tubes known as that many scientists studied to understand electrical discharge?
What were the tubes known as that many scientists studied to understand electrical discharge?
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What did cathode ray discharge tubes contain?
What did cathode ray discharge tubes contain?
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Who is credited with the discovery of electron, proton, and neutron?
Who is credited with the discovery of electron, proton, and neutron?
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What does the word 'atom' mean in Greek?
What does the word 'atom' mean in Greek?
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Who proposed the concept of atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter?
Who proposed the concept of atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter?
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Which atomic model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels?
Which atomic model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels?
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What important features are associated with the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
What important features are associated with the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
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What did early Indian and Greek philosophers believe about atoms?
What did early Indian and Greek philosophers believe about atoms?
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Study Notes
Atomic Theory Foundations
- John Dalton first proposed the atomic theory of matter on a firm scientific basis in the early 19th century.
- Dalton's atomic theory regarded atoms as indivisible particles that make up all matter.
- Late 19th and early 20th-century experimental observations established the existence of sub-atomic particles, challenging the notion of indivisible atoms.
Challenges after Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles
- The discovery of sub-atomic particles created significant challenges, as scientists needed to reconcile these findings with existing atomic theory.
- Dalton's atomic theory successfully explained laws of conservation of mass and constant composition in chemical reactions.
Contributions from Michael Faraday
- Michael Faraday demonstrated that passing electricity through an electrolyte solution caused chemical reactions at the electrodes.
- Faraday's results suggested a relationship between electricity and chemical reactions, identifying the electrochemical nature of such processes.
- Many scientists, mainly Faraday, began studying electrical discharge in partially evacuated tubes in the mid-19th century.
Cathode Ray Discharge Tubes
- The experimental tubes used to study electrical discharges were known as cathode ray discharge tubes.
- These tubes contained gases at low pressure, allowing for observations of cathode rays and their behavior under electrical fields.
Key Discoveries in Atomic Structure
- The discovery of the electron, proton, and neutron is credited to various scientists, including J.J. Thomson (electron), Ernest Rutherford (proton), and James Chadwick (neutron).
- The word 'atom' comes from the Greek word "atomos," meaning indivisible.
- The concept of atoms as fundamental building blocks of matter was proposed by early philosophers, including Democritus.
Advances in Quantum Mechanics
- The quantum mechanical model of the atom introduced the concept of quantized energy levels, fundamentally altering atomic theory.
- Important features of the quantum mechanical model include wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, and the probabilistic nature of electron locations.
- Early Indian and Greek philosophers believed in the existence of atoms as small, indivisible particles that constitute all matter.
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Description
Explore the internal structure of atoms, including the discovery of electron, proton, and neutron, as well as the characteristics of these particles. Learn about the Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr atomic models, and understand the important features of the quantum mechanical model of the atom. Delve into the nature of electromagnetic radiation and Planck's quantum theory.
