Chemistry Unit 2 Review: Matter and Change
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Questions and Answers

What is another name for homogeneous mixtures?

Solutions

The chemical formula of a compound does NOT indicate the _______________.

bonding structure of a molecule

A substance that forms a vapor is generally in what physical state at room temperature?

solid or liquid

The first figure in a properly written chemical symbol is always...

<p>capitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one difference between a mixture and a compound?

<p>A mixture has a variable composition, while a compound has a fixed composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about compounds?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

<p>Salt water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following CANNOT be classified as a substance?

<p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a substance from a mixture?

<p>Substances are compounds, and mixtures are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called __________.

<p>distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container?

<p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items is NOT a compound?

<p>Salad dressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?

<p>Heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is a substance?

<p>Silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical symbol for iron?

<p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chemical symbols and formulas represent, respectively?

<p>Elements and compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance has a chemical symbol that is derived from a Latin name?

<p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>Soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>Oil and vinegar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?

<p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a homogeneous mixture is:

<p>Stainless steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used for chemical symbols today?

<p>Letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a:

<p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

In how many physical states does water commonly exist?

<p>3 states - liquid, solid, gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action changes the identity of the substance?

<p>Corroding iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for a change to be a chemical reaction?

<p>A change in chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water, what is/are the reactant(s)?

<p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical property?

<p>Ability to react with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical property of water at 4 °C?

<p>The ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place?

<p>Chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood:

<p>Decays</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical change?

<p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does involve a physical change?

<p>Mixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical property of water?

<p>It is a colorless liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Know some examples of physical properties of matter.

<p>Smell, taste, shape, texture, color</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does indicate that a chemical change may have taken place?

<p>Gas production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions?

<p>The total mass of reactants = total mass of products</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to matter during a chemical reaction?

<p>Matter is neither created nor destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance?

<p>Color and odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical change?

<p>Melting cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physical change to metal?

<p>Rusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates that a chemical change has happened during cooking?

<p>The food darkens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the melting point of water in degrees Celsius?

<p>0 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?

<p>100 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does involve a change in chemical properties?

<p>Burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of liquid water are produced when 60 grams of ice melt?

<p>60 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy in the form of motion is ______ energy.

<p>kinetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of energy, mechanical energy can be _______ to heat energy.

<p>transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rock at the edge of a cliff has _________ energy because of its position.

<p>potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy ______ be created or destroyed.

<p>cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy that is stored is _____ energy.

<p>potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy stored in food you eat is ________ energy.

<p>chemical potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy is measured in ______.

<p>joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances before a _____ change equals the mass of all the substances after the change.

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic building block of all matter is an:

<p>atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pure substance that is made up of more than one type of atom is a:

<p>compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom is an:

<p>element</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mixture that consists of visibly different substances is a:

<p>heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mixture that is uniform throughout is a:

<p>homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Law that states that the ratio by mass of the elements in a chemical compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound is called:

<p>Law of constant composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anything that has mass or volume is called:

<p>matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest part of a compound is called a:

<p>molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is known as a:

<p>substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change that occurs when one substance is turned into another substance is called a:

<p>chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

A property that can be observed only when a substance is changed into a new substance is called a:

<p>chemical property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change that does not alter the identity of a substance is known as a:

<p>physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

A property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance is called a:

<p>physical property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy stored in the atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds that make up matter is called:

<p>chemical potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to do work or cause change is known as:

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy associated with motion is called:

<p>kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another.

Signup and view all the answers

The law of conservation of matter and energy states that the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is conserved.

Signup and view all the answers

Stored energy is known as:

<p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any push or pull applied over a distance is known as:

<p>Work force</p> Signup and view all the answers

A form of matter that has constant composition throughout is known as a:

<p>pure substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mixtures and Compounds

  • Solutions are also known as homogeneous mixtures, where components are evenly distributed.
  • A mixture has variable composition, while a compound consists of two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion.
  • Compounds are considered substances, distinguishing them from mixtures which are not classified as such.
  • An example of a homogeneous mixture is salt water, whereas soil represents a heterogeneous mixture.

States of Matter

  • A vapor typically indicates a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature.
  • Gases conform to the shape and volume of their containers.
  • Solids maintain a definite shape and volume.

Chemical Symbols and Formulas

  • Chemical symbols begin with a capital letter, followed by lowercase letters for additional elements.
  • Chemical symbols represent elements, while chemical formulas represent compounds.
  • The chemical symbol for iron is Fe, while potassium is derived from a Latin name.

Chemical and Physical Changes

  • Chemical changes involve altering the identity of a substance, indicated by the production of gases or changes in color.
  • Physical changes do not change the fundamental identity of substances, such as melting cheese or evaporation.
  • Examples of physical properties include color, odor, melting points, and boiling points.

Energy Concepts

  • Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is stored due to position.
  • Chemical potential energy refers to energy stored in bonds within molecules.
  • The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
  • The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in chemical reactions, reflecting the law of conservation of mass.

Characteristics of Matter

  • Matter is defined as anything with mass and volume.
  • Atoms are the basic building blocks, while a molecule is the smallest part of a compound.
  • Pure substances have a uniform and definite composition, contrasting with mixtures which do not.

Chemical Properties

  • Chemical properties are observed during a reaction when a substance transforms into a different substance, like the ability to react with oxygen.
  • Water's ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen at 4°C is a specific chemical property.

Laws in Chemistry

  • The law of constant composition indicates that a chemical compound's element ratio by mass remains consistent, regardless of the source.
  • The law of conservation of matter and energy emphasizes the constancy of mass and energy within the universe.

Summary of Significant Concepts

  • Distinguishing features of mixtures vs. compounds, states of matter, changes in identity, and energy types.
  • Recognition of key physical and chemical properties, along with fundamental laws governing matter and energy.
  • Understanding the importance of chemical symbols and their representations in chemical formulas.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards on the concepts covered in Chemistry Unit 2, focusing on Matter and Change. This quiz includes terms like solutions, bonding structure, and states of matter. Enhance your understanding of these fundamental chemistry concepts through interactive review.

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