Chemistry: Solutions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are solutions?

Homogeneous mixtures

What is a homogeneous mixture?

It is the same throughout; you cannot see the different parts

Can a solution be a solid, liquid, and gas?

True

What is an example of a solid solution?

Alloys (mixture of metals) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a gas solution?

Air (mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide...) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a liquid solution?

Sugar water, tea, salt water... Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a solution?

There is a solvent and a solute Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

It does the dissolving; it is usually in greater amounts Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

It is what is being dissolved; it is usually in lesser amounts Signup and view all the answers

For salt water, what is the solvent and what is the solute?

Solvent: Water; Solute: Salt Signup and view all the answers

What are 2 ways to describe solutions?

Qualitative and Quantitative Signup and view all the answers

What is a QUALITATIVE description of solutions?

It is a description that does NOT include a number. Ex) 'This tastes good' Signup and view all the answers

What terms are often used in qualitative descriptions?

Dilute, concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated Signup and view all the answers

What does dilute mean?

Watered down/too watery; there is a small amount of solute compared to the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What does concentrated mean?

There is a large amount of solute compared to the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What does saturated mean?

The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does super saturated mean?

More than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature Signup and view all the answers

What equations are used for QUANTITATIVE descriptions of solutions?

Percent by mass, percent by volume, parts per million, and molarity Signup and view all the answers

% by mass =

(Mass of solute/mass of solution) X 100 Signup and view all the answers

% by volume =

(Volume of solute/volume of solution) X 100 Signup and view all the answers

Parts per million (ppm) =

(Mass of solute/mass of solution) X 1,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

How many 0's are in 1 million?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Molarity =

(Moles of solute/liters of solution) Signup and view all the answers

How many milliliters are in a liter?

1,000 Signup and view all the answers

Define solubility:

The amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if something is soluble?

A significant amount of solute dissolves in a specific amount of solvent Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if something is insoluble?

A significant amount of solute will NOT dissolve in a specific amount of solvent Signup and view all the answers

SOLIDS: As the temperature increases, the solubility will ____.

Increase Signup and view all the answers

GASES: As the temperature increases, the solubility of the gas will ____.

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

Does pressure affect solids?

False Signup and view all the answers

GASES: As the pressure increases, the solubility ____.

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Polar and ionic compounds will dissolve in _ _.

Polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

Polar and ionic compounds will NOT dissolve in _ _.

Non polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

Non polar compounds only dissolve in _ _.

Non polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

Non polar compounds will NOT dissolve in _ _.

Polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

Polar solvents will NOT dissolve _ _.

Non polar solutes Signup and view all the answers

Non polar solvents will NOT dissolve _ _.

Polar or ionic solutes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solutions Overview

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures, meaning they have a uniform composition throughout.
These mixtures can exist in solid, liquid, or gas forms.

Types of Solutions

Solid Solutions: Example includes alloys, which are mixtures of metals.
Gas Solutions: Air is a common example, primarily composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Liquid Solutions: Examples include sugar water, tea, and salt water.

Components of Solutions

Solutions consist of a solvent (the substance doing the dissolving, usually present in greater amount) and a solute (the substance being dissolved, typically present in lesser amount).
In salt water, water acts as the solvent and salt functions as the solute.

Describing Solutions

Solutions can be described qualitatively (without numbers) or quantitatively (with numerical values).
Common qualitative terms include dilute, concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated.

Qualitative Descriptions

Dilute: A solution with a small amount of solute compared to the solvent, often perceived as watery.
Concentrated: Contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent, resulting in a stronger taste.
Saturated: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temperature.
Supersaturated: More solute is dissolved than what is typically possible at that temperature, occurring under specific conditions.

Quantitative Descriptions

Quantitative descriptions of solutions can utilize various equations like percent by mass, percent by volume, parts per million (ppm), and molarity.
% by mass: (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) X 100
% by volume: (Volume of solute / Volume of solution) X 100
Parts per million: (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) X 1,000,000
Molarity: (Moles of solute / Liters of solution)

Solubility

Solubility refers to the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature.
Soluble: A significant amount of solute can dissolve in the solvent.
Insoluble: A significant amount of solute cannot dissolve in the solvent.

Temperature Effects on Solubility

For solids, solubility generally increases with temperature.
For gases, solubility decreases as temperature increases.
Pressure typically does not affect the solubility of solids but does increase the solubility of gases.

Polarity and Solubility

Polar and ionic compounds dissolve well in polar solvents.
Nonpolar compounds dissolve only in nonpolar solvents, and they do not dissolve in polar solvents.
Polar solvents do not dissolve nonpolar solutes, while nonpolar solvents do not dissolve polar or ionic solutes.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the concept of solutions in chemistry. It covers the definitions of homogeneous mixtures, the states of solutions, and examples such as alloys. Test your understanding and solidify your knowledge of this fundamental topic in chemistry.