9 Questions
Which of the following is not a property of nonmetals?
High thermal conductivity
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the process of conversion of a solid directly into gas called?
Sublimation
What are the key differences between nonmetals and metals?
Nonmetals generally have low melting and boiling points, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions.
Explain the process of sublimation with an example.
Sublimation is the process of conversion of a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state. An example is the conversion of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) into carbon dioxide gas.
What are the environmental impacts of sulfuric acid production and usage?
Sulfuric acid production and usage can lead to air pollution, acid rain, and environmental contamination if not managed properly.
What are the major industrial applications of sulfuric acid?
Major industrial applications of sulfuric acid include fertilizer production, petroleum refining, wastewater treatment, and metal processing.
How does sulfuric acid contribute to acid rain formation?
Sulfuric acid contributes to acid rain formation by reacting with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid droplets, which then fall to the Earth's surface as acid rain.
Explain the role of sulfuric acid in the production of lead-acid batteries and associated environmental concerns.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of lead-acid batteries to serve as the electrolyte, but the disposal and recycling of lead-acid batteries pose significant environmental concerns due to the release of lead and sulfuric acid into the environment.
Study Notes
Properties of Nonmetals
- Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Nonmetals have high ionization energies and high electronegativities
- Nonmetals are generally brittle and cannot be easily molded or shaped
- Nonmetals have low melting and boiling points
Sulfuric Acid
- Chemical formula: H2SO4
- Used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and lead-acid batteries
- Causes acid rain through atmospheric reactions
- Major industrial applications: fertilizer production, detergent manufacturing, oil refining, and wastewater treatment
- Contributes to acid rain formation through sulfur dioxide emissions
Sublimation
- Process of conversion of a solid directly into gas without going through the liquid phase
- Example: dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes at room temperature
Nonmetals vs Metals
- Nonmetals are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, whereas metals are good conductors
- Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form anions, whereas metals tend to lose electrons to form cations
- Nonmetals are brittle and cannot be easily molded or shaped, whereas metals are often malleable and ductile
Prepare for your science exam with this chemistry revision quiz. Test your knowledge on nonmetals, chemical formulas, and phase transitions.
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