Chemistry: Reactivity and Salts
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of an acid?

  • A substance that loses an electron
  • A substance that gains an electron
  • A substance that donates a proton (H+) (correct)
  • A substance that accepts a proton (H+)

    • What is the result of a neutralization reaction?

  • The formation of a base and water
  • The formation of a salt and an acid
  • The formation of a salt and water (correct)
  • The formation of a base and an acid

    • How are ionic compounds formed?

  • From the reaction between an acid and a base
  • From the reaction between two metals
  • From the reaction between two nonmetals
  • From the reaction between a metal and a nonmetal (correct)

    • What is the oxidation state of an atom that gains an electron?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility rule for sodium salts?

    <p>They are always soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between HCl and NaOH?

    <p>NaCl and H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of an atom that loses an electron?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a base?

    <p>A substance that accepts a proton (H+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between Ca and O?

    <p>CaO (salt)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility rule for calcium sulfates?

    <p>They are always insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reactivity and Salts

    Acid-Base Reactions

    • Acid: a substance that donates a proton (H+)
    • Base: a substance that accepts a proton (H+)
    • Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton from an acid to a base
    • Examples:
      • HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O
      • H2SO4 (acid) + KOH (base) → K2SO4 (salt) + H2O

    Ionic Compounds

    • Formed from the reaction between a metal and a nonmetal
    • Metal loses one or more electrons to form a cation (positive ion)
    • Nonmetal gains one or more electrons to form an anion (negative ion)
    • Cation and anion combine to form a neutral compound
    • Examples:
      • Na (metal) + Cl (nonmetal) → NaCl (salt)
      • Ca (metal) + O (nonmetal) → CaO (salt)

    Neutralization Reactions

    • A type of acid-base reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water
    • The pH of the solution is neutralized (pH = 7)
    • Examples:
      • HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O
      • H2SO4 (acid) + KOH (base) → K2SO4 (salt) + H2O

    Oxidation States

    • The number of electrons gained or lost by an atom in a reaction
    • Can be positive (oxidation) or negative (reduction)
    • Oxidation states can be used to identify the species involved in a reaction
    • Examples:
      • Na (metal) loses one electron to form Na+ (oxidation)
      • Cl (nonmetal) gains one electron to form Cl- (reduction)

    Solubility Rules

    • A set of rules to predict whether an ionic compound is soluble or insoluble in water
    • Rules:
      • All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble
      • All nitrates and acetates are soluble
      • Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except for those of silver, lead, and mercury
      • Sulfates are soluble except for those of calcium, strontium, and barium
      • Hydroxides and oxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium, and ammonium

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    Description

    Test your understanding of acid-base reactions, ionic compounds, neutralization reactions, oxidation states, and solubility rules. Learn how to identify and predict the outcome of chemical reactions.

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