Chemistry Reactions with Hydroxylamine and KI

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Questions and Answers

What is produced when aldehydes react with hydroxylamine HCl?

  • RCHOH (correct)
  • RCH=NOH (correct)
  • RCH=O
  • RCOR

What does the liberated HCl during the reaction with hydroxylamine indicate?

  • The formation of alcohols
  • An increase in reaction temperature
  • The presence of primary amines
  • The quantity of aldehyde or ketone (correct)

Which compound serves as a reagent in the determination of aldehydes and ketones?

  • H2O
  • NaOH
  • Hydroxylamine HCl (correct)
  • H2SO4

What is the role of standard NaOH in the titration process?

<p>To titrate liberated HCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the reaction with hydroxylamine, what does 'R' generally represent?

<p>An alkyl group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What products are formed when NH2HgCl is dissolved in KI?

<p>NH4OH and KOH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of HgO with KI and H2O, what is the primary product formed?

<p>K2Hgl4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NH4OH produced from the dissolution of NH2HgCl in KI?

<p>It can be titrated with acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the reaction involving HgO, KI, and H2O?

<p>It generates KOH as a byproduct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With what can the products KOH and NH4OH be titrated to determine their concentrations?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding 80% of the expected acid before including KI in the reaction?

<p>To reduce the loss of NH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is produced in the reaction between NH2HgCl, KI, and water?

<p>KOH (A), K2HgI4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of KI in this reaction?

<p>To provide iodide ions for the formation of K2HgI4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct that results along with K2HgI4 in the given reaction?

<p>NH4OH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the reaction, what type of compound is KCl considered?

<p>A byproduct of the reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is considered stronger than H3O+?

<p>CH3COOH2+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes acetic acid in relation to its acidity?

<p>Acetic acid is a much weaker base than water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the strength of acetic acid compared to H3O+?

<p>Acetic acid is a much weaker acid than H3O+. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparing the strength of acids, which molecule is specifically indicated as a stronger acid?

<p>CH3COOH2+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids is NOT a base compared to water?

<p>CH3COOH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of refluxing the ester with NaOH in the determination of esters?

<p>To convert the ester into an alcohol and a sodium salt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is formed as a result of the reaction between the ester and excess NaOH?

<p>R—COONa and ROH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the procedure described, how is the excess NaOH quantified after refluxing?

<p>By back titrating with an acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the NaOH in the ester determination reaction?

<p>It hydrolyzes the ester into alcohol and sodium salt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome after the refluxing and back titration process in the determination of esters?

<p>A measurable amount of unreacted NaOH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Determination of Aldehydes & Ketones

  • Aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (H2NOH.HCl) to form oximes (RCH=NOH)
  • The reaction liberates hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is equivalent to the amount of aldehyde or ketone present.
  • The liberated HCl is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to determine the concentration of the aldehyde or ketone.
  • The reaction equation is: RCHO + H2NOH.HCl → RCH=NOH + HCl + H2O (for aldehydes)
  • The reaction equation is: RCOR + H2NOH.ph.) (for ketones)

Determination of Ammoniated Mercury (NH2HgCl)

  • Ammoniated mercury (NH2HgCl) is dissolved in potassium iodide (KI)
  • This reaction produces potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which can be titrated with an acid.
  • The reaction equation is: NH2HgCl + 4KI + 2H2O → K2Hgl4 + KOH + NH4OH + KCl
  • To minimize the loss of ammonia (NH3), about 80% of the expected acid is added before the addition of potassium iodide (KI).

Determination of Esters (acetylsalicylic acid)

  • A known weight of the ester is refluxed with a known excess of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
  • The excess NaOH is then back titrated with an acid to determine the amount of NaOH that reacted with the ester.
  • This allows calculation of the ester concentration.
  • The reaction equation is: R—COOR + NaOH R—COONa + ROH

Differentiating Acid Strength

  • The text highlights the relative strength of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydronium ion (H3O+).
  • CH3COOH2+ is a stronger acid than H3O+ (or acetic acid is a much weaker base than water).

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