Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is produced when aldehydes react with hydroxylamine HCl?
What is produced when aldehydes react with hydroxylamine HCl?
- RCHOH (correct)
- RCH=NOH (correct)
- RCH=O
- RCOR
What does the liberated HCl during the reaction with hydroxylamine indicate?
What does the liberated HCl during the reaction with hydroxylamine indicate?
- The formation of alcohols
- An increase in reaction temperature
- The presence of primary amines
- The quantity of aldehyde or ketone (correct)
Which compound serves as a reagent in the determination of aldehydes and ketones?
Which compound serves as a reagent in the determination of aldehydes and ketones?
- H2O
- NaOH
- Hydroxylamine HCl (correct)
- H2SO4
What is the role of standard NaOH in the titration process?
What is the role of standard NaOH in the titration process?
In the context of the reaction with hydroxylamine, what does 'R' generally represent?
In the context of the reaction with hydroxylamine, what does 'R' generally represent?
What products are formed when NH2HgCl is dissolved in KI?
What products are formed when NH2HgCl is dissolved in KI?
In the reaction of HgO with KI and H2O, what is the primary product formed?
In the reaction of HgO with KI and H2O, what is the primary product formed?
What is the role of NH4OH produced from the dissolution of NH2HgCl in KI?
What is the role of NH4OH produced from the dissolution of NH2HgCl in KI?
Which of the following is true about the reaction involving HgO, KI, and H2O?
Which of the following is true about the reaction involving HgO, KI, and H2O?
With what can the products KOH and NH4OH be titrated to determine their concentrations?
With what can the products KOH and NH4OH be titrated to determine their concentrations?
What is the primary purpose of adding 80% of the expected acid before including KI in the reaction?
What is the primary purpose of adding 80% of the expected acid before including KI in the reaction?
Which of the following compounds is produced in the reaction between NH2HgCl, KI, and water?
Which of the following compounds is produced in the reaction between NH2HgCl, KI, and water?
What are the roles of KI in this reaction?
What are the roles of KI in this reaction?
What is the byproduct that results along with K2HgI4 in the given reaction?
What is the byproduct that results along with K2HgI4 in the given reaction?
During the reaction, what type of compound is KCl considered?
During the reaction, what type of compound is KCl considered?
Which acid is considered stronger than H3O+?
Which acid is considered stronger than H3O+?
Which statement correctly describes acetic acid in relation to its acidity?
Which statement correctly describes acetic acid in relation to its acidity?
What can be concluded about the strength of acetic acid compared to H3O+?
What can be concluded about the strength of acetic acid compared to H3O+?
In comparing the strength of acids, which molecule is specifically indicated as a stronger acid?
In comparing the strength of acids, which molecule is specifically indicated as a stronger acid?
Which of the following acids is NOT a base compared to water?
Which of the following acids is NOT a base compared to water?
What is the primary purpose of refluxing the ester with NaOH in the determination of esters?
What is the primary purpose of refluxing the ester with NaOH in the determination of esters?
What compound is formed as a result of the reaction between the ester and excess NaOH?
What compound is formed as a result of the reaction between the ester and excess NaOH?
In the procedure described, how is the excess NaOH quantified after refluxing?
In the procedure described, how is the excess NaOH quantified after refluxing?
What is the role of the NaOH in the ester determination reaction?
What is the role of the NaOH in the ester determination reaction?
What is the expected outcome after the refluxing and back titration process in the determination of esters?
What is the expected outcome after the refluxing and back titration process in the determination of esters?
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Study Notes
Determination of Aldehydes & Ketones
- Aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (H2NOH.HCl) to form oximes (RCH=NOH)
- The reaction liberates hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is equivalent to the amount of aldehyde or ketone present.
- The liberated HCl is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to determine the concentration of the aldehyde or ketone.
- The reaction equation is: RCHO + H2NOH.HCl → RCH=NOH + HCl + H2O (for aldehydes)
- The reaction equation is: RCOR + H2NOH.ph.) (for ketones)
Determination of Ammoniated Mercury (NH2HgCl)
- Ammoniated mercury (NH2HgCl) is dissolved in potassium iodide (KI)
- This reaction produces potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which can be titrated with an acid.
- The reaction equation is: NH2HgCl + 4KI + 2H2O → K2Hgl4 + KOH + NH4OH + KCl
- To minimize the loss of ammonia (NH3), about 80% of the expected acid is added before the addition of potassium iodide (KI).
Determination of Esters (acetylsalicylic acid)
- A known weight of the ester is refluxed with a known excess of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- The excess NaOH is then back titrated with an acid to determine the amount of NaOH that reacted with the ester.
- This allows calculation of the ester concentration.
- The reaction equation is: R—COOR + NaOH R—COONa + ROH
Differentiating Acid Strength
- The text highlights the relative strength of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydronium ion (H3O+).
- CH3COOH2+ is a stronger acid than H3O+ (or acetic acid is a much weaker base than water).
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