Chemistry Reactions with Hydroxylamine and KI

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Questions and Answers

What is produced when aldehydes react with hydroxylamine HCl?

RCHOH (correct)

RCH=NOH (correct)

RCH=O

RCOR

What does the liberated HCl during the reaction with hydroxylamine indicate?

The formation of alcohols

An increase in reaction temperature

The presence of primary amines

The quantity of aldehyde or ketone (correct)

Which compound serves as a reagent in the determination of aldehydes and ketones?

H2O

NaOH

Hydroxylamine HCl (correct)

H2SO4

What is the role of standard NaOH in the titration process?

To titrate liberated HCl Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the reaction with hydroxylamine, what does 'R' generally represent?

An alkyl group Signup and view all the answers

What products are formed when NH2HgCl is dissolved in KI?

NH4OH and KOH Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of HgO with KI and H2O, what is the primary product formed?

K2Hgl4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NH4OH produced from the dissolution of NH2HgCl in KI?

It can be titrated with acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the reaction involving HgO, KI, and H2O?

It generates KOH as a byproduct Signup and view all the answers

With what can the products KOH and NH4OH be titrated to determine their concentrations?

Hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding 80% of the expected acid before including KI in the reaction?

To reduce the loss of NH3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is produced in the reaction between NH2HgCl, KI, and water?

KOH Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of KI in this reaction?

To provide iodide ions for the formation of K2HgI4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct that results along with K2HgI4 in the given reaction?

NH4OH Signup and view all the answers

During the reaction, what type of compound is KCl considered?

A byproduct of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is considered stronger than H3O+?

CH3COOH2+ Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes acetic acid in relation to its acidity?

Acetic acid is a much weaker base than water. Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the strength of acetic acid compared to H3O+?

Acetic acid is a much weaker acid than H3O+. Signup and view all the answers

In comparing the strength of acids, which molecule is specifically indicated as a stronger acid?

CH3COOH2+ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids is NOT a base compared to water?

CH3COOH Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of refluxing the ester with NaOH in the determination of esters?

To convert the ester into an alcohol and a sodium salt. Signup and view all the answers

What compound is formed as a result of the reaction between the ester and excess NaOH?

R—COONa and ROH. Signup and view all the answers

In the procedure described, how is the excess NaOH quantified after refluxing?

By back titrating with an acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the NaOH in the ester determination reaction?

It hydrolyzes the ester into alcohol and sodium salt. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome after the refluxing and back titration process in the determination of esters?

A measurable amount of unreacted NaOH. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Determination of Aldehydes & Ketones

Aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (H2NOH.HCl) to form oximes (RCH=NOH)
The reaction liberates hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is equivalent to the amount of aldehyde or ketone present.
The liberated HCl is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to determine the concentration of the aldehyde or ketone.
The reaction equation is: RCHO + H2NOH.HCl → RCH=NOH + HCl + H2O (for aldehydes)
The reaction equation is: RCOR + H2NOH.ph.) (for ketones)

Determination of Ammoniated Mercury (NH2HgCl)

Ammoniated mercury (NH2HgCl) is dissolved in potassium iodide (KI)
This reaction produces potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which can be titrated with an acid.
The reaction equation is: NH2HgCl + 4KI + 2H2O → K2Hgl4 + KOH + NH4OH + KCl
To minimize the loss of ammonia (NH3), about 80% of the expected acid is added before the addition of potassium iodide (KI).

Determination of Esters (acetylsalicylic acid)

A known weight of the ester is refluxed with a known excess of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
The excess NaOH is then back titrated with an acid to determine the amount of NaOH that reacted with the ester.
This allows calculation of the ester concentration.
The reaction equation is: R—COOR + NaOH R—COONa + ROH

Differentiating Acid Strength

The text highlights the relative strength of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydronium ion (H3O+).
CH3COOH2+ is a stronger acid than H3O+ (or acetic acid is a much weaker base than water).

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Description

This quiz explores key chemical reactions involving aldehydes and hydroxylamine HCl, as well as reactions with KI and mercury compounds. Questions focus on the products formed, roles of reagents, and titration processes. Test your understanding of these important organic chemistry concepts.