Chemistry Quiz on Oxidation and Acids
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Questions and Answers

For the reaction $Zn(s) + HNO_3(aq) \rightarrow Zn(NO_3)_2(aq) + NH_4NO_3(aq)$, which process occurs?

  • Ammonium is reduced.
  • Zinc is reduced.
  • Nitrogen is the reducing agent.
  • Zinc is oxidized. (correct)

    • In a chemical reaction, what is the primary role of an oxidizing agent?

  • Is oxidized.
  • Gains electrons. (correct)
  • Loses electrons.
  • Causes reduction.

    • What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrate ion ($NO_3^−$)?

  • 0
  • –1
  • –2
  • +5 (correct)

    • In the unbalanced equation $Al(s) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow AlCl_3(s)$, which substance acts as the oxidizing agent?

    <p>Chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the pH when ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) is dissolved in water?

    <p>The pH is acidic as the water accepts protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the acid dissociation constant ($K_a$), the base dissociation constant ($K_b$), and the ion product of water ($K_w$) related?

    <p>$K_b = \frac{K_w}{K_a}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pOH of a 0.100 mol/L solution of $Ca(OH)_2$ is 0.700, what is its pH?

    <p>13.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the association between the strength of an acid and the strength of its conjugate base?

    <p>The stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction $HA + H_2O \rightarrow A^- + H_3O^+$, what represents the conjugate acid?

    <p>$H_3O^+$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

    <p>Donate protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does adding an acid have on a buffer system?

    <p>The acid shifts the equilibrium to the left, removing $H^+(aq)$ ions and maintaining the pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrogen dioxide (brown) and dinitrogen tetroxide (colourless) are placed in a syringe. The syringe is depressed to half its volume. What happens to the pressure in the syringe? $2NO_2(g) \leftrightarrow N_2O_4(g)$

    <p>It will initially double, then decrease slightly as the equilibrium shifts right (clear).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the equilibrium constants for the forward ($K_f$) and reverse ($K_r$) reactions related?

    <p>They are reciprocals; their magnitude depends on the position of the equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Copper reacts with silver nitrate solution. Which factor influences the reaction rate?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a system's temperature decreases from $40$ °C to $20$ °C, what will most likely happen to the reaction rate?

    <p>Halve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the trial ion product, Q, is greater than the solubility product constant, $K_{sp}$, what will occur?

    <p>The solution is supersaturated, and a precipitate will form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is the solubility product constant, $K_{sp}$, primarily considered?

    <p>Studying the dissolving and formation of precipitates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates increasing a heterogeneous reaction's rate by increasing a reactant's surface area?

    <p>Sugar dissolves faster in water if it is stirred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information can be derived from the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, K?

    <p>The extent to which reactants are converted into products at equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the reaction $2 SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2 SO_3(g)$, if the average rate of appearance of sulfur trioxide gas is $0.025$ mol/L s, what is the average rate of disappearance of sulfur dioxide gas?

    <p>$0.025$ mol/(L s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the data for the reaction $2 SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2SO_3(g)$, what is the average rate of disappearance of $SO_2(g)$ for the first 15 s?

    <p>$0.0063$ mol/(L s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the concentration of reactants generally affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

    <p>It increases the reaction rate because there are more frequent collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way temperature influences the rate of a chemical reaction?

    <p>By increasing the kinetic energy and collision frequency of the molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does increasing the surface area of a solid reactant typically increase the reaction rate?

    <p>It provides more sites for collisions with other reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction represents a formation reaction?

    <p>2 Fe(l) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of ΔH for the reaction involving N2O4(g) and 2 NO2(g)?

    <p>–39 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enthalpy change for the conversion of butane, C4H10, to butanol, C4H9OH?

    <p>–169 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estimate the enthalpy of the reaction for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(aq) → H2O(l) + O2(g).

    <p>–349 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ΔHf ° value of CO(g)?

    <p>–110.5 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds has the highest ΔHf ° value?

    <p>H2O(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you classify the reaction 2 O2(g) + N2(g) → N4O4(g) in terms of ΔH?

    <p>Endothermic reaction with positive ΔH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the highest magnitude of ΔHf ° among the compounds listed?

    <p>CO2(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced in the addition reaction of water and an alkene?

    <p>An alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction involves the addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene?

    <p>Hydrohalogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which name corresponds to a compound with two hydroxyl groups?

    <p>-diol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups acts as a substituent in organic compounds and is derived from benzene?

    <p>Phenyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IUPAC name correctly identifies 2-methoxyethane?

    <p>2-ethoxyethane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electronic configuration describes an element with atomic number 26?

    <p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much heat is released when 5.0 g of ethane is combusted if ΔHc = –1423 kJ/mol?

    <p>none of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction converts alkenes to alcohols through the addition of water?

    <p>Hydration reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a 2.0 g sample of copper metal at 100.0 °C is placed in water at 25 °C?

    <p>Thermal energy will flow from the metal to the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the non-polar nature of alkanes?

    <p>Similar electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 15.0 kJ of energy are added to a 0.100 kg sample of water, how will the temperature change?

    <p>Increase by 35.9 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What quantity of heat is needed to raise the temperature of 2.0 g of iron by 5.0 °C?

    <p>4.4 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a coffee cup calorimeter, when the water temperature changes from 25.2 °C to 19.8 °C, what can be inferred about the reaction?

    <p>The water loses energy, so the reaction is endothermic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded when aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide and produces bubbles while the test tube becomes hot?

    <p>The reaction is exothermic, and the system loses energy to the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound described as 3-methylhexanoic acid?

    <p>3-methylhexanoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound that contains a methoxy group and a butane structure?

    <p>methoxybutane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SCH4U Multiple Choice Exam Review

    • Question 1: Zn(s) + HNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + NH4NO3(aq)

      • Ammonium is reduced
      • Zinc is oxidized
      • Nitrogen is the reducing agent
      • Zinc is not reduced.

    • Question 2: In a chemical reaction, an oxidizing agent causes reduction.

      • It gains electrons.
      • It is not oxidized.
      • It loses electrons is not correct.

    • Question 3: Oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrate ion (NO3⁻) is +5.

    • Question 4: Al(s) + Cl2(g) → AlCl3(s)

      • Chlorine is the oxidizing agent.
      • Aluminum is the reducing agent.

    • Question 5: pH change when ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is dissolved in water:

      • The pH is acidic.
      • Water accepts protons.

    • Question 6: Relationship between Ka, Kb, and Kw

      • Kb = Kw / Ka

    • Question 7: pOH = 0.700 for a 0.100 mol/L solution of Ca(OH)2

      • pH = 13.3

    • Question 8: Association between acid strength with conjugate base strength

      • The stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base.

    • Question 9: Strongest base

      • Sodium hydroxide

    • Question 10: Solution A (pH 5) vs. Solution B (pH 8)

      • Solution B has a greater concentration of OH⁻ ions.

    • Question 11: Conjugate base for HA in the equation HA + H2O → A⁻ + H3O⁺

      • A⁻

    • Question 12: What do Brønsted-Lowry acids do?

      • They donate protons.

    • Question 13: What happens when an acid is added to the following buffer system?

      • The acid shifts the equilibrium to the left, removing H⁺ ions and maintaining the pH.

    • Question 14: Nitrogen dioxide (brown) and dinitrogen tetroxide (colourless)

      • If the syringe is depresssed, the pressure will initially double, then decrease slightly as the equilibrium shifts to the right.

    • Question 15: How are the equilibrium constants for the forward and reverse reactions related? The equilibrium constants are reciprocals of one another. The magnitude depends on the equilibrium position

    • Question 16: The trial ion product (Q) compared to the Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

      • If Q is greater than Ksp, the system will shift to the left to form the solid precipitate.

    • Question 17: Ksp for an ionic substance is taken into consideration and is used when studying

      • Dissolving and forming precipitates

    • Question 18: Magnitude of the equilibrium constant:

      • Indicates the extent of the reaction.

    • Question 19: Effect of increase in temperature for an endothermic reaction

      • The equilibrium shifts to the right.

    • Question 20: Production of methanol

      • Lower temperatures favor the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

    • Question 21: Equilibrium constant values for near equal reactant and product concentrations -2.9 x 10⁻⁶.

    • Question 22: A homogeneous equilibrium involves chemicals

      • in the same state.

    • Question 23: Equilibrium position for a reaction far to the right.

      • Very little reactant remains at equilibrium.

    • Question 24: Reaction mechanism and rate law

      • The rate-determining step is the slow step, in this case, the first step.

    • Question 25: Theoretical reaction mechanism and rate law.

      • rate = k[A][B2]

    • Question 26: Acetone, CH3COCH3(1), and bromine

      • Rate law = k[CH3COCH3][Br2]

    • Question 27: Order of reaction given the units of the rate constant.

      • First-order reaction.

    • Question 28: Effect of doubling the initial concentration of Y on reaction rate.

      • Rate will double

    • Quesiton 29: The overall order of the reaction in the equation.

      • Third order

    • Question 30: How a catalyst increases the reaction rate

      • Provides an alternative, low-energy pathway for the reaction.

    • Question 31: Factors that affect reaction rate.

      • Changing the concentration of one reactant, cleaning of the surface area of the copper.
      • Changing the temperature (the temperature of the system, or more specifically, increasing the temperature).

    • Question 32: Effect of temperature decrease on a reaction rate

      • Decrease by a factor of four

    • Question 33: Increase the rate of a heterogeneous reaction.

      • One gram of sugar dissolving more quickly in 1 L than in 250 mL.

    • Question 34: Average rate of disappearance given average rate of appearance, sulfur trioxide gas.

      • 0.050 mol/(L-s)

    • Question 41: Heat released when 5.0g of ethane are combusted

      • 280 kJ

    • Question 42: Sample of copper metal at 100°C placed in water at 25°C

      • Thermal energy will flow from the metal to the water.

    • Question 43: Energy added to water sample

      • Increase by 35.9 °C

    • Question 44: Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 2.0g of iron

      • 4.4 J

    • Question 45: Change in water temperature in a coffee cup calorimeter.

      • The water loses energy, so the reaction is exothermic

    • Question 46: Reaction with aluminum, sodium hydroxide, and bubbles of gas

      • The reaction is exothermic, and the system loses energy to the surroundings.

    • Question 47: IUPAC name for the following compound.

      • 3-methylhexanoic acid

    • Question 48: IUPAC name of the following compound.

      • methoxyhexane

    • Question 49: Type of alcohol

      • Secondary Alcohol

    • Question 50: Type of reaction.

      • A hydration reaction

    • Question 51: Diagram representing compound 4-methyl cyclopentene

      • Option (c) in the image

    • Question 52: What are the two types of compounds for addition reactions that lead to alcohol formation?

      • Water and alkenes

    • Question 53: Benzene ring in an organic hydrocarbon.

      • phenyl group

    • Question 54: Name of the molecule

      • benzene-1,2-diol

    • Question 55: IUPAC name of compound.

      • 2-ethoxypropane

    • Question 56: Alcohol with two hydroxyl groups

      • diol

    • Question 57: Hydrohalogenation involves the reaction of an alkene with what?

      • Hydrogen halide

    • Question 58: Explanation for non-polar nature of alkanes.

      • Similar electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen, weak van der Waals forces

    • Question 59: Compound formed from an alkene and hydration reaction.

      • An alcohol

    • Question 60: Principle for filling orbitals of equal energy

      • Hund's rule

    • Question 61: Electronic configuration for the element with atomic number 26.

      • 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶

    • Question 62: Orbital with quantum numbers n=3, l=0

      • 3s

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    Description

    This quiz covers important concepts in chemistry including oxidation-reduction reactions, the role of oxidizing agents, and acid-base relationships. Questions focus on balancing chemical equations, properties of acids and bases, and the implications of dissociation constants. Test your understanding of these fundamental principles in chemical reactions.

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