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Questions and Answers

When was hydrogen chloride gas first prepared?

Hydrogen chloride gas was first prepared by Glauber in 1648.

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen chloride?

The chemical formula for hydrogen chloride is HCl.

How is hydrogen chloride gas prepared in the laboratory?

Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid.

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide?

<p>NH4OH + HCl -&gt; NH4Cl + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of the curdy white precipitate formed when silver nitrate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid?

<p>[Ag(NH4)2]Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of the white precipitate formed when lead nitrate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid?

<p>PbCl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic oxides?

<p>CuO + 2HCl(dil.) -&gt; CuCl2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic carbonates?

<p>CaCO3 + 2HCl(dil.) -&gt; CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulphites?

<p>Na2SO3 + 2HCl(dil.) -&gt; 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic nitrates?

<p>Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl(dil.) -&gt; PbCl2 + 2HNO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is a colorless gas with a pungent suffocating smell. It gives dense fumes in moist air and is highly or extremely soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas be demonstrated?

<p>The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated through the dry HCl gas fountain experiment. By pressing a dropper containing water into a flask filled with dry HCl gas, the HCl gas dissolves in the water and lowers the inside pressure, causing blue litmus solution to enter the jet tube and turn red, forming a red fountain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion. It thermally decomposes into hydrogen and chlorine. Metals above hydrogen in the activity series can displace hydrogen when heated with hydrogen chloride gas. It reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. When dissolved in water, it produces hydrochloric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hydrochloric acid prepared in the laboratory?

<p>Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. It is absorbed in water with the help of a funnel arrangement to prevent back suction and provide maximum area for the absorption of hydrogen chloride gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first prepared hydrogen chloride gas and in what year?

<p>Glauber in 1648</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Humphrey Dary prove hydrogen chloride gas to be?

<p>A compound of hydrogen and chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hydrogen chloride gas prepared in the laboratory?

<p>By the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>Sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of the reaction for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>The temperature should be maintained below 200 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be observed during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>The reaction mixture should not be heated beyond 200 °C and fuel is wasted if heated above 200 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>2HCl -&gt; H2 + Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a metal above hydrogen in the activity series reacts with hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>The metal displaces hydrogen and forms the corresponding metal chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia?

<p>NH3 + HCl -&gt; NH4Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of the product formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metallic nitrate?

<p>Metal chloride + Nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>Colorless gas, pungent suffocating smell, dense fumes in moist air, highly soluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hydrochloric acid prepared in the laboratory?

<p>By dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

<p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides?

<p>Metal chloride and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfides and bisulfides?

<p>Hydrogen sulfide gas is liberated, and the solution turns lead acetate solution from colorless to shining black.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic carbonates and bicarbonates?

<p>Carbon dioxide gas is liberated, and the solution turns lime water from clear to milky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulfites and bisulfites?

<p>A colorless gas having a burning sulfur smell is liberated, and the solution turns from colorless to green when acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium permanganate is added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What products are formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic nitrates?

<p>Metal chloride and nitric acid are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulfides and bisulfides?

<p>A colorless gas having a rotten egg smell (hydrogen sulfide) is liberated, and the solution turns lead acetate solution from colorless to black.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides?

<p>Metal chloride and water are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide?

<p>NH4OH + HCl -&gt; NH4CI + HzO</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate?

<p>AgCl + 2NH4OH -&gt; [Ag(NH4)2]Cl + 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate?

<p>Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl -&gt; PbCl2 + 2HNO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hydrochloric acid produce when reacted with manganese (IV) oxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid?

<p>Greenish yellow coloured gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to moist blue litmus paper when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?

<p>It turns red and finally bleaches to white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to moist starch iodide paper when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?

<p>It turns blue-black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrochloric acid extensively used for?

<p>Manufacture of dyes, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industries is hydrochloric acid used?

<p>Calico printing industry, tanning industry, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for hydrogen chloride gas?

<p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is a compound of ______ and chlorine.

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is a ______ covalent compound.

<p>polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is ______ from its elements in the presence of diffused sunlight.

<p>synthesized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated ______ acid.

<p>sulfuric</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature should be maintained below ______ °C during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.

<p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium chloride is preferred over other metallic chlorides as it is easily available and ______.

<p>cheaply</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before collection, hydrogen chloride gas is dried by passing through ______ sulfuric acid.

<p>concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid gives dense white fumes with ______ hydroxide

<p>ammonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

AgCl + 2NH4OH ightarrow ______

<p>Ag(NH4)2Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ightarrow ______

<p>PbCl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between manganese (IV) oxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid produces a ______ colored gas

<p>greenish yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid turns moist blue litmus paper ______

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid bleaches moist starch iodide paper ______

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

2KI + Cl2 ightarrow 2KCl + ______

<p>I2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid is extensively used in the manufacture of ______, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia

<p>dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid is used in ______ industry, tanning industry, etc

<p>calico printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides to form _____ and water.

<p>dilute Hydrochloric acid forms and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

On reaction with bases, hydrochloric acid forms _____ and water.

<p>salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with active metals to liberate a popping and odourless gas which burns with _____ sound.

<p>a sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate _____ gas.

<p>carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulphites and bisulphites to liberate a colourless gas having a burning _____ smell.

<p>sulphur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulphides and bisulphides to liberate a colourless gas having a rotten egg _____ smell.

<p>sulphur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dilute hydrochloric acid on reaction with sodium thiosulphate produces sulphur dioxide and the solution formed has a yellow _____.

<p>turbidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is collected in a gas jar by the _______ displacement of air.

<p>upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is _______ in water with the help of a special arrangement called funnel.

<p>dissolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated by the _______ experiment.

<p>fountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is _______ than air.

<p>heavier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a _______ of combustion.

<p>supporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas thermally decomposes to _______ and chlorine.

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of _______ chloride.

<p>ammonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Hydrogen Chloride Gas

  • Hydrogen chloride gas was first prepared by Humphrey Davy in 1808.
  • Humphrey Davy proved hydrogen chloride gas to be a compound of hydrogen and chlorine.

Preparation of Hydrogen Chloride Gas

  • Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • The reactants used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas are sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • The condition of the reaction for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas is maintained below 200°C.
  • Precautions should be observed during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas, such as using a gas jar and drying the gas by passing it through concentrated sulfuric acid.

Physical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas

  • Hydrogen chloride gas is heavier than air.
  • Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water with the help of a special arrangement called a funnel.
  • The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated by the upward displacement of air experiment.

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas

  • Hydrogen chloride gas thermally decomposes to hydrogen and chlorine.
  • Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
  • Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion.

Reactions of Hydrogen Chloride Gas

  • Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic oxides to form salts and water.
  • Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
  • Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic sulfites and bisulfites to liberate a colorless gas having a burning sulfurous smell.

Hydrochloric Acid

  • The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.
  • Hydrochloric acid is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • Hydrochloric acid is extensively used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia.
  • Hydrochloric acid is used in the steel industry, tanning industry, etc.

Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid

  • Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides to form salts and water.
  • Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
  • Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfites and bisulfites to liberate a colorless gas having a burning sulfurous smell.
  • Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfides and bisulfides to liberate a colorless gas having a rotten egg smell.

Other Reactions

  • The reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide produces a white precipitate of ammonium chloride.
  • The reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate produces a white precipitate of silver chloride.
  • The reaction between hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate produces a white precipitate of lead chloride.
  • The reaction between hydrochloric acid and manganese(IV) oxide produces a purple-colored gas.

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Hydrogen Chloride Chemistry PDF, ICSE Class 10

Description

Test your knowledge of indicator color changes and reactions with metallic oxides and bases in this chemistry quiz. Learn about the color changes observed with blue litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange, as well as the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with metallic oxides and bases. Perfect for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry students.

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