74 Questions
When was hydrogen chloride gas first prepared?
Hydrogen chloride gas was first prepared by Glauber in 1648.
What is the chemical formula for hydrogen chloride?
The chemical formula for hydrogen chloride is HCl.
How is hydrogen chloride gas prepared in the laboratory?
Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid.
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide?
NH4OH + HCl -> NH4Cl + H2O
What is the chemical formula of the curdy white precipitate formed when silver nitrate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid?
[Ag(NH4)2]Cl
What is the chemical formula of the white precipitate formed when lead nitrate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid?
PbCl2
What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic oxides?
CuO + 2HCl(dil.) -> CuCl2 + H2O
What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic carbonates?
CaCO3 + 2HCl(dil.) -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulphites?
Na2SO3 + 2HCl(dil.) -> 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
What is the chemical reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic nitrates?
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl(dil.) -> PbCl2 + 2HNO3
What are the physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?
Hydrogen chloride gas is a colorless gas with a pungent suffocating smell. It gives dense fumes in moist air and is highly or extremely soluble in water.
How can the extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas be demonstrated?
The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated through the dry HCl gas fountain experiment. By pressing a dropper containing water into a flask filled with dry HCl gas, the HCl gas dissolves in the water and lowers the inside pressure, causing blue litmus solution to enter the jet tube and turn red, forming a red fountain.
What are the chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?
Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion. It thermally decomposes into hydrogen and chlorine. Metals above hydrogen in the activity series can displace hydrogen when heated with hydrogen chloride gas. It reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. When dissolved in water, it produces hydrochloric acid.
How is hydrochloric acid prepared in the laboratory?
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. It is absorbed in water with the help of a funnel arrangement to prevent back suction and provide maximum area for the absorption of hydrogen chloride gas.
Who first prepared hydrogen chloride gas and in what year?
Glauber in 1648
What did Humphrey Dary prove hydrogen chloride gas to be?
A compound of hydrogen and chlorine
What is the chemical formula for hydrogen chloride gas?
HCl
How is hydrogen chloride gas prepared in the laboratory?
By the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid
What are the reactants used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?
Sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid
What is the condition of the reaction for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?
The temperature should be maintained below 200 °C
What precautions should be observed during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas?
The reaction mixture should not be heated beyond 200 °C and fuel is wasted if heated above 200 °C
What is the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of hydrogen chloride gas?
2HCl -> H2 + Cl2
What happens when a metal above hydrogen in the activity series reacts with hydrogen chloride gas?
The metal displaces hydrogen and forms the corresponding metal chloride
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia?
NH3 + HCl -> NH4Cl
What is the chemical formula of the product formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metallic nitrate?
Metal chloride + Nitric acid
What are the physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas?
Colorless gas, pungent suffocating smell, dense fumes in moist air, highly soluble in water
How is hydrochloric acid prepared in the laboratory?
By dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What are the products formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides?
Metal chloride and water.
What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfides and bisulfides?
Hydrogen sulfide gas is liberated, and the solution turns lead acetate solution from colorless to shining black.
What is the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic carbonates and bicarbonates?
Carbon dioxide gas is liberated, and the solution turns lime water from clear to milky.
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulfites and bisulfites?
A colorless gas having a burning sulfur smell is liberated, and the solution turns from colorless to green when acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium permanganate is added.
What products are formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic nitrates?
Metal chloride and nitric acid are formed.
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and metallic sulfides and bisulfides?
A colorless gas having a rotten egg smell (hydrogen sulfide) is liberated, and the solution turns lead acetate solution from colorless to black.
What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides?
Metal chloride and water are formed.
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide?
NH4OH + HCl -> NH4CI + HzO
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate?
AgCl + 2NH4OH -> [Ag(NH4)2]Cl + 2H2O
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate?
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl -> PbCl2 + 2HNO3
What does hydrochloric acid produce when reacted with manganese (IV) oxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid?
Greenish yellow coloured gas
What happens to moist blue litmus paper when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?
It turns red and finally bleaches to white
What happens to moist starch iodide paper when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid?
It turns blue-black
What is hydrochloric acid extensively used for?
Manufacture of dyes, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia
In which industries is hydrochloric acid used?
Calico printing industry, tanning industry, etc.
What is another name for hydrogen chloride gas?
HCl
Hydrogen chloride gas is a compound of ______ and chlorine.
hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride gas is a ______ covalent compound.
polar
Hydrogen chloride gas is ______ from its elements in the presence of diffused sunlight.
synthesized
Hydrogen chloride is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated ______ acid.
sulfuric
The temperature should be maintained below ______ °C during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
200
Sodium chloride is preferred over other metallic chlorides as it is easily available and ______.
cheaply
Before collection, hydrogen chloride gas is dried by passing through ______ sulfuric acid.
concentrated
Hydrochloric acid gives dense white fumes with ______ hydroxide
ammonium
AgCl + 2NH4OH ightarrow ______
Ag(NH4)2Cl
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ightarrow ______
PbCl2
The reaction between manganese (IV) oxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid produces a ______ colored gas
greenish yellow
Hydrochloric acid turns moist blue litmus paper ______
red
Hydrochloric acid bleaches moist starch iodide paper ______
white
2KI + Cl2 ightarrow 2KCl + ______
I2
Hydrochloric acid is extensively used in the manufacture of ______, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia
dyes
Hydrochloric acid is used in ______ industry, tanning industry, etc
calico printing
Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides to form _____ and water.
dilute Hydrochloric acid forms and water.
On reaction with bases, hydrochloric acid forms _____ and water.
salt and water.
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with active metals to liberate a popping and odourless gas which burns with _____ sound.
a sound.
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate _____ gas.
carbon dioxide.
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulphites and bisulphites to liberate a colourless gas having a burning _____ smell.
sulphur.
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulphides and bisulphides to liberate a colourless gas having a rotten egg _____ smell.
sulphur.
Dilute hydrochloric acid on reaction with sodium thiosulphate produces sulphur dioxide and the solution formed has a yellow _____.
turbidity.
Hydrogen chloride gas is collected in a gas jar by the _______ displacement of air.
upward
Hydrogen chloride gas is _______ in water with the help of a special arrangement called funnel.
dissolved
The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated by the _______ experiment.
fountain
Hydrogen chloride gas is _______ than air.
heavier
Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a _______ of combustion.
supporter
Hydrogen chloride gas thermally decomposes to _______ and chlorine.
hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of _______ chloride.
ammonium
Study Notes
History of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrogen chloride gas was first prepared by Humphrey Davy in 1808.
- Humphrey Davy proved hydrogen chloride gas to be a compound of hydrogen and chlorine.
Preparation of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- The reactants used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas are sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid.
- The condition of the reaction for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas is maintained below 200°C.
- Precautions should be observed during the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas, such as using a gas jar and drying the gas by passing it through concentrated sulfuric acid.
Physical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrogen chloride gas is heavier than air.
- Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water with the help of a special arrangement called a funnel.
- The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas can be demonstrated by the upward displacement of air experiment.
Chemical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrogen chloride gas thermally decomposes to hydrogen and chlorine.
- Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with ammonia to give dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
- Hydrogen chloride gas is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion.
Reactions of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic oxides to form salts and water.
- Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
- Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with metallic sulfites and bisulfites to liberate a colorless gas having a burning sulfurous smell.
Hydrochloric Acid
- The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.
- Hydrochloric acid is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- Hydrochloric acid is extensively used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, paints, and preparation of aqua-regia.
- Hydrochloric acid is used in the steel industry, tanning industry, etc.
Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid
- Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic oxides to form salts and water.
- Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic carbonates and bicarbonates to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
- Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfites and bisulfites to liberate a colorless gas having a burning sulfurous smell.
- Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic sulfides and bisulfides to liberate a colorless gas having a rotten egg smell.
Other Reactions
- The reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide produces a white precipitate of ammonium chloride.
- The reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate produces a white precipitate of silver chloride.
- The reaction between hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate produces a white precipitate of lead chloride.
- The reaction between hydrochloric acid and manganese(IV) oxide produces a purple-colored gas.
Test your knowledge of indicator color changes and reactions with metallic oxides and bases in this chemistry quiz. Learn about the color changes observed with blue litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange, as well as the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with metallic oxides and bases. Perfect for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry students.
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