Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why do scientists get tempted to claim credit for discovering a new element?
Why do scientists get tempted to claim credit for discovering a new element?
- To get recognition from the scientific community (correct)
- To get reliable data on the new element
- To prove their theory was correct
- To get funding for their research
What was the name given to element 104 by American scientists?
What was the name given to element 104 by American scientists?
- Unnilquadium
- Ununquadium
- Rutherfordium (correct)
- Kurchatovium
What is the purpose of the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature for new elements?
What is the purpose of the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature for new elements?
- To get funding for research on new elements
- To avoid disputes over credit for discoveries (correct)
- To recognize the scientists who discovered the element
- To develop a new method for naming elements
How are the names of new elements derived according to the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature?
How are the names of new elements derived according to the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature?
What is the notation for 7 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?
What is the notation for 7 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?
Who published the Periodic Law for the first time?
Who published the Periodic Law for the first time?
What was the primary aim of Dobereiner's study?
What was the primary aim of Dobereiner's study?
Why is a systematic nomenclature necessary for new elements?
Why is a systematic nomenclature necessary for new elements?
What is the notation for 0 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?
What is the notation for 0 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the Periodic Table?
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the Periodic Table?
What were the names given by Mendeleev to the unknown elements under aluminium and silicon?
What were the names given by Mendeleev to the unknown elements under aluminium and silicon?
What is the purpose of Tables 3.4 and 3.5 in the text?
What is the purpose of Tables 3.4 and 3.5 in the text?
What did Mendeleev predict about the elements gallium and germanium?
What did Mendeleev predict about the elements gallium and germanium?
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the Periodic Table?
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the Periodic Table?
What is the significance of Mendeleev's system of classifying elements?
What is the significance of Mendeleev's system of classifying elements?
What is the purpose of Table 3.3 mentioned in the content?
What is the purpose of Table 3.3 mentioned in the content?
What was the main limitation of Mendeleev's Periodic Table when it was developed?
What was the main limitation of Mendeleev's Periodic Table when it was developed?
Who observed regularities in the characteristic X-ray spectra of the elements?
Who observed regularities in the characteristic X-ray spectra of the elements?
What is the term used to describe the vertical columns in the modern Periodic Table?
What is the term used to describe the vertical columns in the modern Periodic Table?
What is the most fundamental property of an element according to Moseley's work?
What is the most fundamental property of an element according to Moseley's work?
What organization is responsible for recommending the standard format of the Periodic Table?
What organization is responsible for recommending the standard format of the Periodic Table?
What is the main advantage of the 'long form' of the Periodic Table?
What is the main advantage of the 'long form' of the Periodic Table?
What is the relationship between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table?
What is the relationship between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table?
What is the term used to describe the horizontal rows in the modern Periodic Table?
What is the term used to describe the horizontal rows in the modern Periodic Table?
Why is it difficult to determine the atomic size precisely?
Why is it difficult to determine the atomic size precisely?
What is the trend in atomic size across a period?
What is the trend in atomic size across a period?
What is the reason for the increased attraction of electrons to the nucleus across a period?
What is the reason for the increased attraction of electrons to the nucleus across a period?
What is a practical approach to estimate the size of an atom of a non-metallic element?
What is a practical approach to estimate the size of an atom of a non-metallic element?
What is the reason for the decrease in atomic size across a period?
What is the reason for the decrease in atomic size across a period?
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the effective nuclear charge across a period?
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the effective nuclear charge across a period?
What is the trend in atomic size illustrated in Fig. 3.4(a) for the elements of the second period?
What is the trend in atomic size illustrated in Fig. 3.4(a) for the elements of the second period?
Why do the outer electrons in the same valence shell experience an increased attraction to the nucleus across a period?
Why do the outer electrons in the same valence shell experience an increased attraction to the nucleus across a period?
What is the outer electronic configuration of fluorine?
What is the outer electronic configuration of fluorine?
What is the relationship between electronegativity and metallic properties of elements?
What is the relationship between electronegativity and metallic properties of elements?
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in Na2O?
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in Na2O?
Which element has an outer electronic configuration of 2s22p4?
Which element has an outer electronic configuration of 2s22p4?
What happens to non-metallic properties of elements as electronegativity increases across a period?
What happens to non-metallic properties of elements as electronegativity increases across a period?
What is the oxidation state of sodium in Na2O?
What is the oxidation state of sodium in Na2O?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Periodic Table and Periodic Law
- The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements, with the elements in a group having similar properties.
- Mendeleev was responsible for publishing the Periodic Law, which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
- Mendeleev arranged elements in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic weights.
Predictions of Mendeleev
- Mendeleev predicted the existence of undiscovered elements, including Gallium and Germanium.
- He left gaps in the table for these elements, calling them Eka-Aluminium and Eka-Silicon.
- Mendeleev also predicted some of the physical properties of these elements, which were later discovered.
Development of the Periodic Table
- Since Mendeleev's time, numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised.
- Modern versions of the periodic table, such as the "long form", are more convenient and widely used.
- The horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) are used to classify elements based on their outer electronic configurations.
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- Henry Moseley discovered that the atomic number is a more fundamental property of an element than its atomic mass.
- He showed that a plot of frequency of X-rays emitted vs atomic number gave a straight line, but a plot of frequency vs atomic mass did not.
IUPAC Nomenclature
- The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends a systematic nomenclature for new elements.
- The nomenclature is derived directly from the atomic number of the element using numerical roots for 0 and numbers 1-9.
Trends in Atomic Radii and Electronegativity
- The atomic size generally decreases across a period as the atomic number increases.
- Electronegativity is inversely related to the metallic properties of elements.
- The increase in electronegativities across a period is accompanied by an increase in non-metallic properties of elements.
Periodic Trends
- The periodic trends are summarised in Figure 3.7.
- The trends include the increase in non-metallic properties and decrease in metallic properties across a period, and the decrease in non-metallic properties and increase in metallic properties down a group.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
