Chemistry Quiz: Elements and Nomenclature

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Questions and Answers

Why do scientists get tempted to claim credit for discovering a new element?

To get recognition from the scientific community (correct)

To get reliable data on the new element

To prove their theory was correct

To get funding for their research

What was the name given to element 104 by American scientists?

Unnilquadium

Ununquadium

Rutherfordium (correct)

Kurchatovium

What is the purpose of the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature for new elements?

To get funding for research on new elements

To avoid disputes over credit for discoveries (correct)

To recognize the scientists who discovered the element

To develop a new method for naming elements

How are the names of new elements derived according to the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature?

Using the atomic number of the element and numerical roots Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for 7 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?

sept Signup and view all the answers

Who published the Periodic Law for the first time?

Mendeleev Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of Dobereiner's study?

To study the periodic relationship of elements with similar properties Signup and view all the answers

Why is a systematic nomenclature necessary for new elements?

To ensure that elements are named in a consistent manner Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for 0 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?

nil Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the Periodic Table?

Because some elements were still undiscovered Signup and view all the answers

What were the names given by Mendeleev to the unknown elements under aluminium and silicon?

Eka-Aluminium and Eka-Silicon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tables 3.4 and 3.5 in the text?

To show the notation for IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendeleev predict about the elements gallium and germanium?

Their physical and chemical properties Signup and view all the answers

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the Periodic Table?

In horizontal rows and vertical columns Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendeleev's system of classifying elements?

It was more elaborate than Lothar Meyer's system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Table 3.3 mentioned in the content?

To compare the predicted and experimentally found properties of gallium and germanium Signup and view all the answers

What was the main limitation of Mendeleev's Periodic Table when it was developed?

Insufficient knowledge about the internal structure of atoms Signup and view all the answers

Who observed regularities in the characteristic X-ray spectra of the elements?

Henry Moseley Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the vertical columns in the modern Periodic Table?

Groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the most fundamental property of an element according to Moseley's work?

Atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What organization is responsible for recommending the standard format of the Periodic Table?

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the 'long form' of the Periodic Table?

It is the most convenient and widely used form Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table?

They have similar outer electronic configurations Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the horizontal rows in the modern Periodic Table?

Periods Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to determine the atomic size precisely?

Because the electron cloud surrounding the atom does not have a sharp boundary Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in atomic size across a period?

It decreases as the atomic number increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increased attraction of electrons to the nucleus across a period?

Increase in effective nuclear charge Signup and view all the answers

What is a practical approach to estimate the size of an atom of a non-metallic element?

Measuring the distance between the atoms in the combined state Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the decrease in atomic size across a period?

Increase in effective nuclear charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the atomic number and the effective nuclear charge across a period?

The effective nuclear charge increases as the atomic number increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in atomic size illustrated in Fig. 3.4(a) for the elements of the second period?

It decreases as the atomic number increases Signup and view all the answers

Why do the outer electrons in the same valence shell experience an increased attraction to the nucleus across a period?

Because the effective nuclear charge increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer electronic configuration of fluorine?

2s22p5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between electronegativity and metallic properties of elements?

Inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in Na2O?

-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which element has an outer electronic configuration of 2s22p4?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to non-metallic properties of elements as electronegativity increases across a period?

Increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of sodium in Na2O?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Table and Periodic Law

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements, with the elements in a group having similar properties.
Mendeleev was responsible for publishing the Periodic Law, which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
Mendeleev arranged elements in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic weights.

Predictions of Mendeleev

Mendeleev predicted the existence of undiscovered elements, including Gallium and Germanium.
He left gaps in the table for these elements, calling them Eka-Aluminium and Eka-Silicon.
Mendeleev also predicted some of the physical properties of these elements, which were later discovered.

Development of the Periodic Table

Since Mendeleev's time, numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised.
Modern versions of the periodic table, such as the "long form", are more convenient and widely used.
The horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) are used to classify elements based on their outer electronic configurations.

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

Henry Moseley discovered that the atomic number is a more fundamental property of an element than its atomic mass.
He showed that a plot of frequency of X-rays emitted vs atomic number gave a straight line, but a plot of frequency vs atomic mass did not.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends a systematic nomenclature for new elements.
The nomenclature is derived directly from the atomic number of the element using numerical roots for 0 and numbers 1-9.

Trends in Atomic Radii and Electronegativity

The atomic size generally decreases across a period as the atomic number increases.
Electronegativity is inversely related to the metallic properties of elements.
The increase in electronegativities across a period is accompanied by an increase in non-metallic properties of elements.

Periodic Trends

The periodic trends are summarised in Figure 3.7.
The trends include the increase in non-metallic properties and decrease in metallic properties across a period, and the decrease in non-metallic properties and increase in metallic properties down a group.

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Test your knowledge of chemistry with questions about discovering new elements, IUPAC nomenclature, and the periodic law.