Chemistry Quiz: Elements and Nomenclature
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Questions and Answers

Why do scientists get tempted to claim credit for discovering a new element?

  • To get recognition from the scientific community (correct)
  • To get reliable data on the new element
  • To prove their theory was correct
  • To get funding for their research

    • What was the name given to element 104 by American scientists?

  • Unnilquadium
  • Ununquadium
  • Rutherfordium (correct)
  • Kurchatovium

    • What is the purpose of the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature for new elements?

  • To get funding for research on new elements
  • To avoid disputes over credit for discoveries (correct)
  • To recognize the scientists who discovered the element
  • To develop a new method for naming elements

    • How are the names of new elements derived according to the IUPAC's systematic nomenclature?

    <p>Using the atomic number of the element and numerical roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notation for 7 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?

    <p>sept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who published the Periodic Law for the first time?

    <p>Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of Dobereiner's study?

    <p>To study the periodic relationship of elements with similar properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a systematic nomenclature necessary for new elements?

    <p>To ensure that elements are named in a consistent manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notation for 0 in the IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements?

    <p>nil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the Periodic Table?

    <p>Because some elements were still undiscovered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the names given by Mendeleev to the unknown elements under aluminium and silicon?

    <p>Eka-Aluminium and Eka-Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tables 3.4 and 3.5 in the text?

    <p>To show the notation for IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendeleev predict about the elements gallium and germanium?

    <p>Their physical and chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the Periodic Table?

    <p>In horizontal rows and vertical columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Mendeleev's system of classifying elements?

    <p>It was more elaborate than Lothar Meyer's system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Table 3.3 mentioned in the content?

    <p>To compare the predicted and experimentally found properties of gallium and germanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main limitation of Mendeleev's Periodic Table when it was developed?

    <p>Insufficient knowledge about the internal structure of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who observed regularities in the characteristic X-ray spectra of the elements?

    <p>Henry Moseley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the vertical columns in the modern Periodic Table?

    <p>Groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most fundamental property of an element according to Moseley's work?

    <p>Atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization is responsible for recommending the standard format of the Periodic Table?

    <p>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the 'long form' of the Periodic Table?

    <p>It is the most convenient and widely used form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table?

    <p>They have similar outer electronic configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the horizontal rows in the modern Periodic Table?

    <p>Periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the atomic size precisely?

    <p>Because the electron cloud surrounding the atom does not have a sharp boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in atomic size across a period?

    <p>It decreases as the atomic number increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the increased attraction of electrons to the nucleus across a period?

    <p>Increase in effective nuclear charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a practical approach to estimate the size of an atom of a non-metallic element?

    <p>Measuring the distance between the atoms in the combined state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the decrease in atomic size across a period?

    <p>Increase in effective nuclear charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the atomic number and the effective nuclear charge across a period?

    <p>The effective nuclear charge increases as the atomic number increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in atomic size illustrated in Fig. 3.4(a) for the elements of the second period?

    <p>It decreases as the atomic number increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the outer electrons in the same valence shell experience an increased attraction to the nucleus across a period?

    <p>Because the effective nuclear charge increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer electronic configuration of fluorine?

    <p>2s22p5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between electronegativity and metallic properties of elements?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of oxygen in Na2O?

    <p>-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has an outer electronic configuration of 2s22p4?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to non-metallic properties of elements as electronegativity increases across a period?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of sodium in Na2O?

    <p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodic Table and Periodic Law

    • The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements, with the elements in a group having similar properties.
    • Mendeleev was responsible for publishing the Periodic Law, which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
    • Mendeleev arranged elements in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic weights.

    Predictions of Mendeleev

    • Mendeleev predicted the existence of undiscovered elements, including Gallium and Germanium.
    • He left gaps in the table for these elements, calling them Eka-Aluminium and Eka-Silicon.
    • Mendeleev also predicted some of the physical properties of these elements, which were later discovered.

    Development of the Periodic Table

    • Since Mendeleev's time, numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised.
    • Modern versions of the periodic table, such as the "long form", are more convenient and widely used.
    • The horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) are used to classify elements based on their outer electronic configurations.

    Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

    • Henry Moseley discovered that the atomic number is a more fundamental property of an element than its atomic mass.
    • He showed that a plot of frequency of X-rays emitted vs atomic number gave a straight line, but a plot of frequency vs atomic mass did not.

    IUPAC Nomenclature

    • The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends a systematic nomenclature for new elements.
    • The nomenclature is derived directly from the atomic number of the element using numerical roots for 0 and numbers 1-9.
    • The atomic size generally decreases across a period as the atomic number increases.
    • Electronegativity is inversely related to the metallic properties of elements.
    • The increase in electronegativities across a period is accompanied by an increase in non-metallic properties of elements.
    • The periodic trends are summarised in Figure 3.7.
    • The trends include the increase in non-metallic properties and decrease in metallic properties across a period, and the decrease in non-metallic properties and increase in metallic properties down a group.

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    Test your knowledge of chemistry with questions about discovering new elements, IUPAC nomenclature, and the periodic law.

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