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Questions and Answers
What is the symbol for mercury?
Which of the following elements has the symbol 'Fe'?
What is the older name for the element with the symbol 'Au'?
Which element is represented by the symbol 'Sn'?
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What is the modern name for the element with the older name 'kalium'?
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What do the vertical columns of the periodic table represent?
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Which element is located in Group 18 of the periodic table?
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Which term describes elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals?
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What is the main characteristic of elements in Group 1 of the periodic table?
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What is the boiling point of pure copper?
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Which of the following groups contains only nonmetals?
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Which of the following elements is a liquid nonmetal at room temperature?
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Which of these elements is classified as a metalloid?
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How does pure copper react in pure, dry air at room temperature?
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What property do elements in Group 17 share?
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Which of the following nonmetals is considered brittle and has low conductivity?
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Which of the following elements is located in Group 12 of the periodic table?
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Why is white phosphorus stored under water?
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What is the primary classification of elements in Groups 3 to 12?
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Which group in the periodic table contains the most reactive metals?
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What happens to copper when it is heated?
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What common forms does phosphorus exist in?
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Which of the following statements about nonmetals is correct?
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What is the most important characteristic property of metals?
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Which term describes metals that can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets?
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What common property allows metals to be drawn into fine wires?
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What is a characteristic property of mercury among metals?
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Which metal has the highest melting point of any element?
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What is the primary advantage of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in technology?
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Which two metals have distinct colors different from the typical silvery or grayish luster?
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT generally associated with metals?
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Which group of the periodic table contains elements that are generally unreactive?
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What characteristic do metalloids possess?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noble gases?
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What is one application of metalloids mentioned?
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Identify the distinguishing feature of metals compared to nonmetals.
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Which element is classified as a nonmetal?
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What is the state of metalloids at room temperature?
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Which of the following statements about metalloids is true?
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Study Notes
Elements and Their Symbols
- Antimony (Sb) derives from the older name stibium.
- Copper (Cu) comes from the Latin cuprum.
- Gold (Au) is based on the Latin aurum.
- Iron (Fe) has its name from ferrum.
- Lead (Pb) is derived from plumbum.
- Mercury (Hg) comes from hydrargyrum.
- Potassium (K) is based on kalium.
- Silver (Ag) derives from argentum.
- Sodium (Na) comes from natrium.
- Tin (Sn) is based on stannum.
- Tungsten (W) derives from wolfram.
The Periodic Table
- Divided into groups or families; Group 18 contains noble gases like helium (He) and neon (Ne).
- Metals are categorized in Groups 1 and 2, with most being solids at room temperature.
- Nonmetals include gases like nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), and one liquid—bromine (Br).
- Metalloids occupy the space between metals and nonmetals, showing mixed properties.
Properties of Metals
- Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
- They exhibit malleability (can be formed into sheets) and ductility (can be drawn into wires).
- Most metals have a silvery or grayish appearance, except gold and copper, which are yellow and reddish-brown, respectively.
- Notable metal characteristics include:
- Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
- Tungsten has the highest melting point of any element.
- Group 1 metals are soft and can be cut with a knife; hardness varies widely across metals.
Characteristics of Copper
- Copper has a reddish color and metallic luster, primarily sourced from chalcopyrite and malachite.
- Melting point: 1083°C; Boiling point: 2567°C.
- It efficiently conducts electricity and does not oxidize in dry air.
- Reacts with sulfur and elements in Group 17, producing a green patina when exposed to the environment.
Nonmetals
- Nonmetals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Solid nonmetals include carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine; they tend to be brittle.
- Phosphorus exists in two forms: red phosphorus (dark red powder) and white phosphorus (waxy solid), with the latter being highly reactive and needing water storage.
Noble Gases
- Group 18 elements (noble gases) such as neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are mostly unreactive.
- Used in lighted signs due to their inert properties, with occasional exceptions forming compounds.
Metalloids
- Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals and are solids at room temperature.
- Less malleable than metals but more ductile than nonmetals; they often have a metallic luster.
- Their electrical conductivity is intermediate, making them useful in semiconductors for electronics like computers and radios.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge about chemical elements and their symbols based on older names. This quiz covers elements like antimony, copper, and gold, connecting modern nomenclature to historical terminology.
