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What is the name of the smallest particle of an element that cannot usually exist independently and retain all its chemical properties?
What is the name of the smallest particle of an element that cannot usually exist independently and retain all its chemical properties?
Atom
What is the name given to the smallest particle of an element or a compound capable of independent existence under ordinary conditions?
What is the name given to the smallest particle of an element or a compound capable of independent existence under ordinary conditions?
Molecule
Match the following elements with their symbols:
Match the following elements with their symbols:
Hydrogen = H Carbon = C Oxygen = O Nitrogen = N Sodium = Na Magnesium = Mg Aluminium = Al Sulphur = S Chlorine = Cl Zinc = Zn Iron = Fe Copper = Cu Silver = Ag Gold = Au
What is the name of the scientist who proposed the atomic theory?
What is the name of the scientist who proposed the atomic theory?
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Atoms of the same element have the same mass and chemical properties.
Atoms of the same element have the same mass and chemical properties.
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Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
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What is the relative atomic mass of carbon-12?
What is the relative atomic mass of carbon-12?
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What is the unit of measurement for atomic radius?
What is the unit of measurement for atomic radius?
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What is the name of the unit that is used to express the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12?
What is the name of the unit that is used to express the amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12?
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What is the name of the scientist who first introduced the idea of the mole as a unit of measurement?
What is the name of the scientist who first introduced the idea of the mole as a unit of measurement?
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What is the value of Avogadro's constant?
What is the value of Avogadro's constant?
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What is the mass in grams of one mole of any substance?
What is the mass in grams of one mole of any substance?
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The number of atoms in one mole of any element is same and is equal to Avogadro's number.
The number of atoms in one mole of any element is same and is equal to Avogadro's number.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a molecule?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a molecule?
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Charged species are known as ions.
Charged species are known as ions.
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What is the name given to a group of atoms carrying a net charge?
What is the name given to a group of atoms carrying a net charge?
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What is the combining capacity of an element called?
What is the combining capacity of an element called?
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What is meant by the term 'chemical formula'?
What is meant by the term 'chemical formula'?
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How many atoms are present in a (HS) molecule?
How many atoms are present in a (HS) molecule?
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How many atoms are present in a (PO_4^{3-}) ion?
How many atoms are present in a (PO_4^{3-}) ion?
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What is the term used to describe a system of farming on a particular farm where crops are grown along with livestock, such as cattle, poultry, or fish?
What is the term used to describe a system of farming on a particular farm where crops are grown along with livestock, such as cattle, poultry, or fish?
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What is the name given to the process of growing two or more different crops simultaneously on the same piece of land?
What is the name given to the process of growing two or more different crops simultaneously on the same piece of land?
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What is the term used to describe the process of growing different crops in a pre-planned succession on the same piece of land?
What is the term used to describe the process of growing different crops in a pre-planned succession on the same piece of land?
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Varietal improvement in crops focuses on producing varieties with higher yield, better quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.
Varietal improvement in crops focuses on producing varieties with higher yield, better quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.
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What is the name given to the practice of raising domestic fowls for eggs and meat?
What is the name given to the practice of raising domestic fowls for eggs and meat?
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Cross-breeding between Indian and exotic poultry breeds is a common practice to enhance their production.
Cross-breeding between Indian and exotic poultry breeds is a common practice to enhance their production.
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What is the term used to describe the practice of raising fish in controlled environments, such as ponds, lakes, and tanks, for commercial purposes?
What is the term used to describe the practice of raising fish in controlled environments, such as ponds, lakes, and tanks, for commercial purposes?
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What is the term used to describe the practice of catching fish from their natural habitats in the ocean or inland water bodies?
What is the term used to describe the practice of catching fish from their natural habitats in the ocean or inland water bodies?
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What is the term used to describe the practice of cultivating marine organisms like fish, shellfish, and seaweed in controlled conditions?
What is the term used to describe the practice of cultivating marine organisms like fish, shellfish, and seaweed in controlled conditions?
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What is the name given to the system of fish farming where different species of fish are raised together in the same pond, taking advantage of their unique feeding habits?
What is the name given to the system of fish farming where different species of fish are raised together in the same pond, taking advantage of their unique feeding habits?
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What is the process of keeping bees for the production of honey and wax called?
What is the process of keeping bees for the production of honey and wax called?
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In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products always remains unchanged. This is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products always remains unchanged. This is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass. This is known as The Law of Definite Proportions.
In a pure chemical compound, elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass. This is known as The Law of Definite Proportions.
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Study Notes
Ancient Indian and Greek Philosophers
- Ancient Indian and Greek thinkers pondered the nature of matter
- Indian philosopher Kanad proposed the idea of divisibility of matter into smaller particles (Parmanu) around 500 BC
- Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus suggested that matter could be divided into indivisible particles (atoms)
Laws of Chemical Combination
- Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- Law of Constant Proportions (Definite Proportions): Elements in a compound combine in fixed proportions by mass, regardless of the source or method of preparation.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Atoms: All matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
- Element Identity: Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties; atoms of different elements have different masses and properties.
- Atomic Combination: Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
- Chemical Reactions: Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, only rearranged.
Atomic Mass
- Atomic mass is the average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- Relative atomic mass: A number assigned to each atom relative to the mass of carbon-12.
Molecules of Elements and Compounds
- Elements: Molecules of elements are composed of identical atoms (e.g., O2, N2).
- Compounds: Molecules of compounds contain different types of atoms in fixed ratios (e.g., H2O, CO2).
Atomicity
- Atomicity refers to the number of atoms present in a molecule of an element.
- Examples: Helium (monoatomic), Hydrogen (diatomic), Phosphorus (tetraatomic).
Chemical Formulae
- Chemical formulae represent the composition of substances using symbols and subscripts.
- Rules for writing chemical formulae: Valency/charges of ions need to balance, writing the metal ion first followed by the non-metal ions.
Mole Concept
- Mole signifies a specific number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
- Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³) is the number of particles in one mole.
- 1 mole of a substance has a mass equal to its relative atomic or molecular mass in grams.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of chemistry, including ancient Indian and Greek philosophies on matter, the laws of chemical combination, and Dalton's atomic theory. Dive into the principles that shape our understanding of the material world.
