Chemistry Quiz: Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining the element's identity.

Atoms with the same number of protons but different Numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Highly reactive elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table. They form salts with metals.

A group of elements in Group 2 of the periodic table that are soft, silvery-white, and reactive metals.

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

A chemical reaction where a metal reacts with an acid to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.

A chemical reaction where the positive and negative ions of two reactants switch places to form two new products.

Noble gases are a group of chemical elements with a full outermost electron shell, making them very stable and unreactive.

Halogens are the most reactive non-metals because they have seven valence electrons, making them very eager to gain one more electron to achieve a stable configuration.

Transition metals are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of delocalized electrons that can move freely throughout their structure.

The number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number, which is always a positive number.

To find the charge of an ion, subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons. For example, bromine has 35 protons and 35 electrons, resulting in a neutral charge.

A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

The process of representing a substance using chemical symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element.

The number of atoms of a specific element in a molecule, written as a subscript after the element's symbol.

A compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base, often containing a cation from the base and an anion from the acid.

A substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio.

A chemical formula representing a compound with two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, expressed in atomic mass units (amu).

A symbol representing an element, followed by a subscript indicating the number of atoms of that element present in a molecule.

Names of compounds that indicate the number of each type of atom present using prefixes such as mono-, di-, tri-, etc.

A system of naming chemical compounds based on their chemical formula, including the names of the constituent elements and their charges.

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

A state of matter where particles are tightly packed, have a fixed shape, and a fixed volume.

A state of matter where particles are spread far apart, have no fixed shape, and take the shape of their container.

It has a fixed volume (amount of space it takes up) but can change its shape to fit its container, like water in a bottle.

J.J. Thomson proposed this model where negatively charged electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere, like plums in pudding.

It's one of the three main subatomic particles. It carries a negative charge and orbits the nucleus.

Protons and neutrons are located in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

The number of neutrons in an atom is determined by subtracting the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number.

Carbon (C) has 6 protons. Its atomic number is 6, which determines it to be carbon.

To determine the number of elements in a molecule, count the individual element types.

To find the total number of atoms in a molecule, add the number of atoms of each element, taking into account the subscript in the chemical formula.

A hypothesis is an educated guess based on limited evidence.

The characteristics of matter are taking up space and having mass.

Atoms are tiny particles. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different. Atoms combine to form compounds in whole-number ratios.

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element's identity.

A change in a substance's physical form, but not its chemical composition. For example, ice melting into water is a physical change, as the water molecules remain the same.

A change in a substance's chemical composition, resulting in the formation of new substances. For example, burning paper is a chemical change because the paper transforms into ash and gases.

The temperature at which a solid melts and becomes a liquid. It's a characteristic property of a substance.

The ability of a substance to react with an acid, often leading to the formation of a salt and gas. This is a chemical property.

The ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen, releasing heat and light. This is a chemical property.