Chemistry Quiz: Atomic Structure and Changes

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Questions and Answers

What represents the atomic number of an element?

Number of protons (correct)

Number of neutrons

Sum of protons and neutrons

Number of electrons minus protons

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a physical change?

Change of state

Change in temperature

Production of sound

Formation of gas (correct)

Which substance undergoes a chemical change in the process of fermentation?

Water

Curd

Salt

Milk (correct)

What is the charge of a neutron?

Neutral Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of protons and neutrons known as?

Atomic mass Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

Milk Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the electron?

JJ Thomson Signup and view all the answers

What type of change occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

Chemical change Signup and view all the answers

Which sublevel has the maximum number of electrons it can hold?

f Signup and view all the answers

Which type of orbital is spherical in shape?

s Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular momentum quantum number (l) for the p sublevel?

1 Signup and view all the answers

How many orbitals are in the d sublevel?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be handled by the p sublevel?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Arsenic (As) Signup and view all the answers

What shape do d orbitals resemble?

Clover leaf Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between n and l for any given orbital?

l = n - 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of sulfur hexafluoride?

Octahedral Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of chloride trifluoride?

38 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

How many bond pairs are present in chlorine pentafluoride?

5 bond pairs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is listed in the content as commonly associated with molecular geometry?

Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the T-shaped molecular geometry?

Contains three bond pairs and two lone pairs Signup and view all the answers

What does Pauli’s Exclusion Principle state about electrons?

No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle explains that orbitals are filled singly before pairing occurs?

Hund’s Rule Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use for strontium ranelate?

Treatment for osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of calcium sulfate?

Radiopaque for contrast media Signup and view all the answers

What does the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle relate to in quantum mechanics?

The velocity and position of an electron cannot both be accurately determined. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of using Calci-aid as an antacid?

Rebound hyperacidity Signup and view all the answers

According to the Aufbau Principle, which of the following statements is true?

Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of calcium sulfate is known as gypsum?

Calcium sulfate dihydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements have been identified in Dobereiner's triads?

Fe, Co, Ni Signup and view all the answers

Calcium hydroxide can also be referred to as which of the following?

Milk of Lime Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes paramagnetic substances?

They are attracted to magnetic fields. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false regarding the periodic trends?

Metallic character increases across a period. Signup and view all the answers

Which quantum number is not associated with an electron's energy level?

Spin quantum number (m_s) Signup and view all the answers

What does Le Chatelier’s Principle state about a system at equilibrium when an external stress is applied?

The system adjusts to partially offset the stress. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states has the highest entropy?

Gas Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical equilibrium represented by A+B⇌AB, what happens when the concentration of A is increased?

Shift to the right Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a spontaneous reaction in terms of Gibbs free energy?

It has a negative 𝜟G. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a system at equilibrium if there is no external stress applied?

The system maintains a constant state. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a substance that can both accept and donate protons?

Amphiprotic Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a nonspontaneous reaction in terms of Gibbs free energy?

It has 𝜟G > 0. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a shift to the right occur in a chemical reaction at equilibrium?

Adding more reactants to the system. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element is represented by the number of protons in its nucleus.

Physical Change

A physical change does not result in the formation of a new substance.

Fermentation

The substance that undergoes a chemical change in the process of fermentation is glucose.

Neutron Charge

A neutron has no charge, meaning it is neutral.

Protons and Neutrons

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as the mass number.

Colloid

An example of a colloid is milk.

Electron Discovery

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron.

Acid-Base Reaction

When an acid reacts with a base a neutralization reaction occurs.

Maximum Electron Capacity

The f sublevel has the maximum number of electrons it can hold, which is 14.

Spherical Orbital Shape

The s orbital is spherical in shape.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

The angular momentum quantum number (l) for the p sublevel is 1.

Number of d Orbitals

There are 5 orbitals in the d sublevel.

Maximum Electrons in p Sublevel

The maximum number of electrons that can be held by the p sublevel is 6.

Metalloid Element

An example of a metalloid is Silicon (Si).

d Orbital Shape

d orbitals resemble a cloverleaf or a dumbbell with a ring around it.

n and l Relationship

For any given orbital, the value of l is always less than the value of n.

Sulfur Hexafluoride Geometry

The molecular geometry of sulfur hexafluoride is octahedral.

Chloride Trifluoride Molar Mass

The molar mass of chloride trifluoride is 92.45 g/mol.

Bond Pairs in Chlorine Pentafluoride

There are 5 bond pairs present in chlorine pentafluoride.

Molecular Geometry Element

Chlorine (Cl) is commonly associated with molecular geometry.

T-Shaped Molecular Geometry

A characteristic of T-shaped molecular geometry is the presence of a lone pair on the central atom.

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

Pauli's Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Hund's Rule

Hund's Rule explains that orbitals are filled singly before pairing occurs, and that the electrons in singly filled orbitals have parallel spins.

Strontium Ranelate Use

A primary use for strontium ranelate is to treat osteoporosis.

Calcium Sulfate Uses

Calcium sulfate is not used in the manufacture of glass.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle relates to the simultaneous measurement of a particle's position and momentum in quantum mechanics.

Calci-Aid Side Effect

A potential side effect of using Calci-aid as an antacid is constipation.

Aufbau Principle

The Aufbau Principle states that electrons first fill the lowest energy levels and subshells before filling higher ones.

Gypsum

The form of calcium sulfate known as gypsum is CaSO4•2H2O.

Dobereiner’s Triads

Lithium, sodium, and potassium have been identified in Dobereiner's triads.

Calcium Hydroxide Synonym

Calcium hydroxide can also be referred to as slaked lime.

Paramagnetic Substances

Paramagnetic substances are characterized by having unpaired electrons which cause them to be weakly attracted to a magnetic field.

False Periodic Trends Statement

Ionization energy generally decreases across a period, moving from left to right.

Non-Energy Level Quantum Number

The magnetic quantum number (ml) is not associated with an electron's energy level.

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Le Chatelier’s Principle states that if an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction that relieves the stress.

Highest Entropy State

The gas state has the highest entropy.

Increased A Concentration

When the concentration of A is increased in a chemical equilibrium represented by A+B⇌AB, the reaction will shift to the right, favoring the formation of AB.

Spontaneous Reaction Gibbs Free Energy

A spontaneous reaction is characterized by a negative Gibbs free energy.

Unstressed System at Equilibrium

A system at equilibrium will remain unchanged if there is no external stress applied.

Amphoteric Substance

An amphoteric substance can both accept and donate protons.

Nonspontaneous Reaction Gibbs Free Energy

A nonspontaneous reaction is characterized by a positive Gibbs free energy.

Equilibrium Shift to the Right

A shift to the right in a chemical reaction at equilibrium would occur if the product is removed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic numbers, physical changes, and chemical properties in this engaging chemistry quiz. Explore concepts such as atomic structure, electron configurations, and types of chemical reactions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their chemistry understanding.