Questions and Answers
Ice, H2O(s), is classified as?
a molecular compound
Compared to a 15-gram sample of Cu(s) at 25°C, a 25-gram sample of Cu(s) at 25°C has?
The kinetic molecular theory states that all particles of an ideal gas are?
in random, constant, straight-line motion
To find atomic mass of multiple naturally occurring elements, use the formula: (atomic mass)(Natural abundance) + (atomic mass)(Natural abundance) / ____
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Compare the potential energy of the liquid water molecules to the potential energy of the water vapor molecules.
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Show a numerical setup for calculating the volume of the bubble at the bottom of the lake.
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How many significant figures are in 104.0?
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Is a water molecule nonpolar?
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Identify the laboratory process described in this passage: A NaOH(aq) solution and an acid-base indicator are used to determine the molarity of an HCl(aq) solution.
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State the change in oxidation number of oxygen during the reaction represented in equation 3: 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + energy.
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Identify one metal from Table J that is more easily oxidized than Zn.
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Write the name of the process that occurs as the dry ice disappears and no liquid is observed in the flask.
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Study Notes
Ice Classification
- Ice (H2O(s)) is classified as a molecular compound.
Copper Sample Comparison
- A 25-gram sample of copper (Cu(s)) at 25°C has the same density and the same chemical properties as a 15-gram sample at 25°C.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
- States that all particles of an ideal gas are in random, constant, straight-line motion.
- Particles collide and transfer energy.
- The distances between particles are large relative to their sizes.
Electrochemical Cell Anode Change
- At the anode of an electrochemical cell, there is a loss of electrons.
Atomic Mass Calculation
- Atomic mass can be calculated using the formula: (atomic mass)(natural abundance) + (atomic mass)(natural abundance) ÷ 100.
- Remember, 15% = 15 when dividing by 100, and 15% = 0.15 otherwise.
Potassium Nitrate Classification
- Potassium nitrate is classified as an electrolyte because it releases ions in an aqueous solution.
pH Change with Hydrogen Ion Concentration
- When hydrogen ion concentration is decreased by a factor of ten, the pH increases by 1.
Potential Energy in Water States
- Liquid water molecules have less potential energy than water vapor molecules.
Volume Calculation for Gas Bubble
- Volume calculation formula: V = (KPa)(mL)(K) of surface / (KPa)(K) of bottom.
Significant Figures
- The number 104.0 contains 4 significant figures.
Density Change with Temperature
- A 10.0-gram sample of nitrogen at STP will have increased density when cooled to 72 K at standard pressure.
Equal Molecule Count at STP
- At STP, 3.0 liters of H2(g) contains the same number of molecules as 3.0 liters of CH4(g).
Water Molecule Polarity
- A water molecule is not nonpolar; it is polar.
Fastest Reaction Rate Factors
- Fastest reaction rate with 5.0-gram Fe(s) occurs by increasing surface area and HCl concentration.
Ideal Gas Behavior
- A sample of hydrogen gas behaves most like an ideal gas under low pressure and high temperature.
Equilibrium in Reversible Reactions
- At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
Natural System Changes
- Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward higher entropy and lower energy.
Heat of Reaction Definition
- The heat of reaction is defined as the difference between the potential energy of the products and reactants.
Identification of Electrolytes
- CH3COOH is an example of a compound that acts as an electrolyte.
Hydronium Ion Concentration Change
- When pH changes from 1 to 2, the concentration of hydronium ions decreases by a factor of 10.
Radioisotope Uses
- One beneficial use of radioisotopes is in the detection of disease.
Liquid Element at STP
- Bromine is the only liquid element at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Compounds with Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- NaCN contains both ionic and covalent bonds.
Atom Count Equality at STP
- At STP, a 1-liter sample of Ne(g) and a 1-liter sample of Kr(g) have the same number of atoms.
Gas Volume Change
- A gas sample's volume changes to 52.5 mL when temperature is 150 K and pressure is 160 kPa.
Final Temperature after Heat Absorption
- A 100-gram sample of H2O(l) absorbs 8360 joules of heat, reaching a final temperature of 42.0°C.
Titration Process Identification
- The laboratory process described is titration/volumetric analysis, using MaVa = MbVb.
Oxidation Number Change
- In the reaction 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g), the oxidation number of oxygen changes from 0 to -2.
Oxidation Properties of Metals
- Any metal above zinc on Table J is more easily oxidized than Zn.
Sublimation Process
- The process occurring as dry ice disappears is known as sublimation.
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