Chemistry: Preparation and Reactions of Phenol Quiz

Phenols = Have a hydroxyl group attached to aromatic carbon Alcohols = Have a hydroxyl group attached to aliphatic carbon Carbolic acid = Another name for phenol with direct attachment to benzene Cresols = Common name for methyl phenols

Nomenclature of Phenols = Numbering of the ring begins at the hydroxyl-substituted carbon Preparation of Phenol = Phenol reacts with NaOH to produce salt and water Acidity of Phenols = Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols due to resonance stabilization by the aromatic ring Physical Properties of Phenols = Phenols can cause chemical burns and require careful handling

Substituents in Phenols = Cited in alphabetical order Numbering in Phenol Ring = Begins at the hydroxyl-substituted carbon and proceeds for lower numbers Naming Parent Compound in Phenols = Carboxyl and acyl groups take precedence over the phenolic hydroxyl as parent name Special Names for Dihydroxy Benzene = Have trivial names

<p>Alcohols Reactivity with NaOH = Do not produce salt and water like phenols do Phenol Reactivity with NaOH = Produces salt and water upon reaction with NaOH Acidity Comparison between Alcohols and Phenols = Phenoxide anion from phenol is more stable due to resonance stabilization by aromatic ring Anion Derived from Alcohol Deprotonating = Alkoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenol = Hydrolysis of diazonium salt Sodium Phenoxide = Reaction of haloarenes with NaOH under high temp. and pressure Anisole = Prepared from sodium phenoxide Phenolic Ketones = Fries rearrangement reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenols = Undergo electrophilic substitution reactions Phenol = Can be oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenol = Treated with acid to produce phenol Sodium Phenoxide = Prepared by reacting with NaOH Anisole = Derived from sodium phenoxide Phenolic Ketones = Prepared via Fries rearrangement reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenols = Undergo acylation reactions Anisole = Can be prepared via O-acylation Phenolic Ketones = Prepared indirectly through Fries rearrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenols = React as acids to form salts Sodium Phenoxide = Derived from phenol in basic medium Anisole = Can be prepared from sodium phenoxide Phenolic Ketones = Prepared via Fries rearrangement from aryl carboxylic acid esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenol = Named due to hydroxy group on benzene ring Anisole = 'Methoxybenzene' based on its structure Sodium Phenoxide = 'Sodium salt of phenol' based on its composition Phenolic Ketones = 'Ketones derived from phenols' based on their structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenol = methanol p-nitrophenol = o-nitrophenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From Benzene sulfonic acid = From hydrolysis of diazonium salt From cumene = From hydrolysis of diazonium salt From haloarenes = From cumene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EWG (electron withdrawing group) = increase acidity EDG (electron donating group) = decrease acidity Substituent effects on acidity = increase acidity Increasing acidity = decrease acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NO2 &amp; CN &amp; C=O = increase acidity m-Nitrophenol = more acidic than phenol p-hydroxybenzaldehyde = more acidic than phenol Carbonyl group in para position = stabilizes a phenoxide ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cumene reacts with air at high temperature by benzylic oxidation through a radical mechanism to form cumene hydroperoxide = conversion into phenol and acetone by treatment with acid Benzylic oxidation of Cumene = formation of cumene hydroperoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbonyl group in para position = directly conjugated to the phenoxide oxygen and stabilizes it to a smaller extent m-Nitro group not directly conjugated to the phenoxide oxygen = stabilizes a phenoxide ion to a smaller extent</p> Signup and view all the answers