15 Questions
Which type of hydroxide salts are generally insoluble?
Transition metals
Which of the following is a common soluble salt of silver?
Silver Chloride
According to the solubility rules, which type of carbonates are generally insoluble?
Group II carbonates
Which of the following is considered a strong acid according to the ionization rules in water?
Hydrochloric Acid
In writing a net ionic equation, what should be done with the spectator ions?
Eliminate them from the equation
Why are precipitation reactions considered double-displacement reactions?
Due to the exchange of ions between two ionic compounds to form an insoluble product
What is a precipitate in a chemical reaction?
A solid substance deposited at the bottom of the solution
How can you predict if a precipitation reaction will occur?
By following solubility rules to determine if an insoluble salt will form
What determines the type of precipitate formed (colloidal, crystalline, or gelatinous)?
The size distribution towards the surrounding water molecules and ions
Why should chemical equations for precipitation reactions include state properties like (aq), (s), (l), or (g)?
To show the physical state of reactants and products involved
What is a precipitate in a chemical reaction?
An insoluble compound formed in a liquid solution by mixing two soluble salts
What is the process called when a precipitate is formed?
Precipitation
What type of reactions involve the formation of a precipitate?
Double-displacement reactions
What happens in a precipitation reaction?
Two soluble salts combine to form an insoluble product
Which of the following best describes the formation of a precipitate in a chemical reaction?
Cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid
Study Notes
Precipitation Reactions
- A precipitate is an insoluble compound formed in a liquid solution by mixing two soluble salts together.
- Precipitation refers to a chemical reaction where two ions bond together to create an insoluble salt.
- Precipitation reactions are double-displacement reactions that involve the formation of a precipitate.
Characteristics of Precipitation Reactions
- Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble salts are combined to form an insoluble product (the precipitate).
- A precipitate is formed when cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid.
- Precipitation reactions can be written in molecular, ionic, or complete ionic form.
Types of Precipitation Reactions
- Precipitation in a solution (simple precipitation)
- Precipitation in agar gel (immuno-diffusion test)
- Precipitation in agar gel with an electric field (immuno-electrophoresis)
Why Precipitates Form
- Precipitates form because solutions containing ionic compounds are mixed.
- A precipitate is formed if the product of the reaction of the ions is insoluble in water.
- Precipitates can be divided into three categories according to their appearance: colloidal, crystalline, or gelatinous.
Predicting Precipitation Reactions
- A precipitation reaction can occur when two solutions containing different salts are mixed and a cation or anion pair in the resulting combined solution forms an insoluble salt.
- If an ion is insoluble based on the solubility rules, then it will form a solid with an ion from the other reactant.
- Solubility rules are important because they define whether a compound can be dissolved in water or not.
Solubility Rules
- Salts containing Group I elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) are soluble.
- Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4+) are soluble.
- Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3-) are generally soluble.
- Salts containing Cl-, Br-, and I- are generally soluble.
- Most silver salts are insoluble.
- Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble.
- Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble.
Ionic Equations
- A net ionic equation shows only the chemical species that are involved in the reaction.
- Steps to write a net ionic equation:
- Start with the balanced molecular reaction.
- Determine which substances will ionize in water.
- Write the complete or total ionic equation.
- Cancel out any spectator ions.
- Write the net ionic equation.
Learn about precipitation in chemical reactions and how precipitates are formed when two soluble salts are mixed. Understand the process of precipitation and how it relates to double-displacement reactions.
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