Chemistry Periodic Table Flashcards

Alkali Metals

• Have a +1 charge and possess 1 valence electron.

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Carry a +2 charge with 2 valence electrons.

Transition Metals

• Positioned in the center of the periodic table, known for varied oxidation states and ability to form colored compounds.

Halogens

• Contain 7 valence electrons and have a -1 charge.

Noble Gases

• Feature 8 valence electrons (except helium which has 2) and have a 0 charge, known for their inertness.

Rare Earth Metals

• A group of 15 elements from lanthanum to lutetium, often exhibit similar properties and are found in the f-block.

Nonmetals

• Elements typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, can gain or share electrons in chemical reactions.

Metalloids

• Have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals, often exhibit semiconducting behavior.

Charge of Group 1 (1A)

• Elements in this group have a charge of +1.

Charge of Group 2 (2A)

• Elements in this group carry a charge of +2.

Charge of Group 3A (13)

• Elements in this group possess a charge of +3.

Charge of Group 5A (15)

• Elements in this group have a charge of -3.

Charge of Group 6A (16)

• Elements in this group exhibit a charge of -2.

Charge of Group 7A (17)

• Elements in this group have a charge of -1.

Charge of Group 8A (18)

• Elements in this group have a charge of 0.

Periods

• Horizontal rows in the periodic table indicating elements with the same number of electron shells.

Groups

• Vertical columns on the periodic table that group elements with similar properties and the same number of valence electrons.

Atomic Mass

• Historically used by Mendeleev to arrange the periodic table based on the mass of elements.

Atomic Number

• The modern periodic table is organized by the atomic number, representing the number of protons in an atom.

Energy Levels

• Elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels, also known as electron shells or orbitals.

Valence Electrons

• Elements in the same group share the same number of valence electrons, impacting their chemical behavior.

Metals

• Comprise the majority of the periodic table, characterized by good conductivity and malleability.

Valence Electrons in Group 15

• Elements in group 15 have 5 valence electrons.

Valence Electrons in Group 16

• Elements in group 16 possess 6 valence electrons.