Chemistry: Periodic Table and Sub-Atomic Particles
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Questions and Answers

What defines an element's atomic number?

  • The number of protons in the nucleus (correct)
  • The number of electrons in a neutral atom
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
  • The mass of the element divided by its volume

    • Which sub-atomic particle has a negative charge?

  • Nucleon
  • Electron (correct)
  • Proton
  • Neutron

    • In terms of the periodic table, which group contains the halogens?

  • Group 11
  • Group 18
  • Group 7 (correct)
  • Group 1

    • Using the periodic table, which of the following correctly represents the number of neutrons in carbon-12?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about noble gases is true?

    <p>They exist in gaseous form at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how the arrangement of sub-atomic particles in an atom influences its chemical properties.

    <p>The arrangement of sub-atomic particles, particularly the electrons, determines an atom's reactivity and bonding behavior, influencing its chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of the atomic number and mass number in identifying an element.

    <p>The atomic number identifies the element and indicates the number of protons, while the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main characteristics that differentiate metals from non-metals on the periodic table?

    <p>Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine the number of neutrons in an isotope using the periodic table?

    <p>Subtract the atomic number from the mass number to find the number of neutrons in an isotope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Create a diagram of an atom of helium, indicating the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    <p>A helium atom has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons, all arranged around the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodic Table

    • The periodic table is a chart that organizes the chemical elements by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
    • Metals are typically lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. They are found on the left side of the periodic table.
    • Non-metals are generally dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are found on the right side of the periodic table.
    • Semi-metals (metalloids) have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are found in a diagonal band between metals and non-metals.
    • Halogens are a group of highly reactive non-metals found in group 17 of the periodic table.
    • Noble gases are a group of unreactive elements found in group 18 of the periodic table.

    Sub-Atomic Particles

    • Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
    • Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1 amu.
    • Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass much smaller than protons and neutrons, approximately 1/1836 amu.

    Atomic Number and Mass Number

    • Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. It defines the element.
    • Mass number (atomic weight) is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

    Determining the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

    • The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.
    • The number of neutrons is equal to the mass number minus the atomic number.
    • The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.

    Drawing Diagrams of Elements

    • The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
    • Electrons occupy energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
    • Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons.

    Example: Carbon

    • Atomic number: 6
    • Atomic mass: 12
    • Protons: 6
    • Neutrons: 6 (12 - 6)
    • Electrons: 6
    • The carbon atom's nucleus contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.

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    Description

    Explore the organization of the periodic table and the characteristics of metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. Delve into the role of sub-atomic particles like protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Test your knowledge on the properties and classifications of chemical elements.

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