Chemistry: Periodic Table and Sub-Atomic Particles

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Questions and Answers

What defines an element's atomic number?

  • The number of protons in the nucleus (correct)
  • The number of electrons in a neutral atom
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
  • The mass of the element divided by its volume

Which sub-atomic particle has a negative charge?

  • Nucleon
  • Electron (correct)
  • Proton
  • Neutron

In terms of the periodic table, which group contains the halogens?

  • Group 11
  • Group 18
  • Group 7 (correct)
  • Group 1

Using the periodic table, which of the following correctly represents the number of neutrons in carbon-12?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about noble gases is true?

<p>They exist in gaseous form at room temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the arrangement of sub-atomic particles in an atom influences its chemical properties.

<p>The arrangement of sub-atomic particles, particularly the electrons, determines an atom's reactivity and bonding behavior, influencing its chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of the atomic number and mass number in identifying an element.

<p>The atomic number identifies the element and indicates the number of protons, while the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics that differentiate metals from non-metals on the periodic table?

<p>Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine the number of neutrons in an isotope using the periodic table?

<p>Subtract the atomic number from the mass number to find the number of neutrons in an isotope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Create a diagram of an atom of helium, indicating the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

<p>A helium atom has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons, all arranged around the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Periodic Table

  • The periodic table is a chart that organizes the chemical elements by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
  • Metals are typically lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. They are found on the left side of the periodic table.
  • Non-metals are generally dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are found on the right side of the periodic table.
  • Semi-metals (metalloids) have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are found in a diagonal band between metals and non-metals.
  • Halogens are a group of highly reactive non-metals found in group 17 of the periodic table.
  • Noble gases are a group of unreactive elements found in group 18 of the periodic table.

Sub-Atomic Particles

  • Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
  • Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1 amu.
  • Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass much smaller than protons and neutrons, approximately 1/1836 amu.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

  • Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. It defines the element.
  • Mass number (atomic weight) is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Determining the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

  • The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.
  • The number of neutrons is equal to the mass number minus the atomic number.
  • The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.

Drawing Diagrams of Elements

  • The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
  • Electrons occupy energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
  • Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons.

Example: Carbon

  • Atomic number: 6
  • Atomic mass: 12
  • Protons: 6
  • Neutrons: 6 (12 - 6)
  • Electrons: 6
  • The carbon atom's nucleus contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.

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