Chemistry of Powders
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Questions and Answers

Which substance is soluble in water and has a pH of 6-7?

  • Salt (correct)
  • Flour
  • Sodium Acetate
  • Baking Soda

    • Which substance turns black during the Iodine test?

  • Cornstarch (correct)
  • Baking Soda
  • Alka Seltzer
  • Gelatin

    • Which substance is not soluble in water, has a pH of 6-7, and turns black during the Iodine test?

  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Flour (correct)
  • Sand
  • Cornstarch

    • Which substance is soluble in water and turns red-brown with Iodine?

    <p>Baking Soda (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is not soluble in water and fizzes with HCI?

    <p>Calcium Carbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is clear, has a pH of 6, and smells sweet?

    <p>Rubbing Alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is magnetic?

    <p>Iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is white, soluble in water, and has a pH of 8?

    <p>Baking Soda (C), Sodium Acetate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is clear, has a pH of 2-3, and has a negative iodine test?

    <p>Vinegar (B), Lemon juice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is not soluble in water and has a negative iodine test?

    <p>Calcium Carbonate (A), Gelatin (C), Gypsum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil type has a pH of 3-4?

    <p>Peaty soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fibers is NOT a natural fiber?

    <p>Polyester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common fingerprint pattern?

    <p>Loops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you tell the difference between a Radial loop and an Ulnar Loop fingerprint?

    <p>Radial loops open up from the right, while Ulnar loops open up from the left. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the outer layer of hair?

    <p>Cuticle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about soil is TRUE?

    <p>Loamy soil is usually the most fertile. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fingerprint has a ridge that forms a complete circle in the core?

    <p>Whorls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a Patent fingerprint and a Latent fingerprint?

    <p>Patent fingerprints are visible, while Latent fingerprints are not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic smell of burning cotton?

    <p>Burning paper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fibers burns steadily and creates a hard, orange bead?

    <p>Nylon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA in relation to amino acids and protein formation?

    <p>DNA provides the code that dictates the sequence of amino acids in a protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soil types is known to be acidic and high in nutrients but may have a lower overall nutrient availability?

    <p>Peaty soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the pentose sugar in RNA and DNA?

    <p>DNA has Deoxyribose, and RNA has Ribose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A blood spatter with a diameter of 3 mm is most likely caused by:

    <p>A stabbing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

    <p>Uracil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>It enables the storage of genetic information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a high velocity blood spatter?

    <p>Often found in a linear pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins based on RNA instructions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for proteins to fold into a specific shape?

    <p>Folding ensures that proteins can function properly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between RNA and DNA?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Sodium Acetate

    White powder, soluble in water, pH 8, negative Iodine test.

    Sand

    Not soluble in water, pH 6, negative Iodine test.

    Calcium Carbonate

    White powder, not soluble, pH 7-8, fizzes with HCl.

    Ascorbic Acid

    White, soluble in water, pH 2, clears Iodine.

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    Flour

    Not soluble in water, pH 6-7, positive Iodine test, doesn't react with HCl.

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    Cornstarch

    Not soluble, pH 6-7, turns black with Iodine test.

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    Alka Seltzer

    White, soluble in water, pH 6-7, fizzes with Iodine and HCl.

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    Lemon Juice

    Cloudy yellow liquid, pH 2-3, negative Iodine test.

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    Iron

    Black, heavy, fizzes with HCl, magnetic.

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    Ammonia

    Cloudy liquid, pH 10-11, strong smell, negative Iodine test.

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    Zinc reaction with acids

    Zinc fizzes immediately when hydrochloric acid is added, but not with water.

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    Magnesium properties

    Magnesium fizzes in water and hydrochloric acid, often steaming with HCl and producing a strong odor.

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    Hair cuticle

    The outer layer of hair made of overlapping scales, which vary in thickness amongst species.

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    Hair cortex

    The middle layer of hair containing pigment, distributed differently in humans and animals.

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    Hair medulla

    The central core of hair; size varies between species, usually less than ⅓ in humans.

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    Natural vs synthetic fibers

    Natural fibers smell like their organic source when burned; synthetic fibers produce beads and different smells.

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    Wool burning characteristics

    Wool burns with a small flame, smells like burning hair, and is self-extinguishing.

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    Fingerprint types

    Three types of fingerprints are whorls, loops, and arches, distinguished by delta patterns and ridge formations.

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    Soil types

    Soils can be classified as peaty, loamy, sandy, clay, chalky, or silty based on color and composition.

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    Soil pH test

    Determine soil pH by mixing it with water and using a pH strip; different soils have specific pH ranges.

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    Loamy Soil

    A nutrient-rich soil made of sand, silt, and clay.

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    Peaty Soil

    Acidic soil high in nutrients but can lose them over time.

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    Blood Spatter

    Patterns formed by blood created during an impact.

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    Low Velocity Spatter

    Blood spatters with diameters of 4 mm or more, often from minor injuries.

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    High Velocity Spatter

    Blood spatters with diameters of 2 mm or less, caused by gunshots or explosions.

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    DNA

    A molecule that carries genetic information in a double helix structure.

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    Amino Acids

    Building blocks of proteins, around 20 types.

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    Nucleotides

    DNA's building blocks made of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

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    RNA

    A shorter, copy of DNA that helps make proteins.

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    Ribosome

    Cell structure that reads RNA and synthesizes proteins.

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    Study Notes

    Powders

    • Sodium Acetate: White, soluble in water, pH 8, negative Iodine test (doesn't turn black), vinegar odor with HCl.
    • Sand: Insoluble in water, pH 6, negative Iodine test, vinegar odor with Iodine, no reaction with HCl.
    • Calcium Carbonate: White, insoluble, pH 7-8, negative Iodine test (color like mustard/peanut butter), fizzes with HCl.
    • Ascorbic Acid: White, soluble in water, pH 2, clears iodine, no reaction with HCl.
    • Salt: Soluble, pH 6-7, negative Iodine test, no reaction with HCl.
    • Sugar: Similar to salt, but less square-shaped grains.
    • Flour: Insoluble in water, pH 6-7, positive Iodine test (iodine clumps), no reaction with HCl.
    • Cornstarch: Turns into oobleck with water, pH 6-7, turns black with Iodine, no reaction with HCl.
    • Gelatin: Light yellow grains, swells with water, pH 6, negative Iodine test, no reaction with HCl.
    • Alka-Seltzer: White, soluble in water, pH 6-7, fizzes with Iodine and all other mixtures, including HCl.
    • Yeast: Tan pellets, insoluble in water, pH 7, no reaction with HCl.
    • Baking Soda: Soluble, pH 8, red-brown with Iodine, very fizzy with HCl.
    • Gypsum: White, insoluble in water, pH 6, negative Iodine test, no reaction with HCl.

    Liquids

    • Lemon Juice: Cloudy yellow, pH 2-3, negative Iodine test.
    • Rubbing Alcohol: Clear, pH 6, sweet smell, negative Iodine test.
    • Ammonia: Cloudy after shaking, pH 10-11, strong smell, negative Iodine test.
    • Vinegar: Clear, pH 2-3, negative Iodine test.
    • Water: pH 7, negative Iodine test.
    • Hydrogen Peroxide: Clear, pH 6, no scent, bubbles with Iodine.

    Metals

    • Aluminum: Gray, light, dull, no reaction with water, slight fizz with HCl, not magnetic.
    • Copper: Heavy, no reaction with water or HCl, not magnetic.
    • Iron: Black, heavy, no reaction with water, fizzes with HCl, magnetic.
    • Tin: Gray, sometimes yellowish, light, shiny, no reaction with water, fizzes with HCl.
    • Zinc: Gray, heavy, no reaction with water, fizzes with HCl.
    • Magnesium: Gray, light, fizzes with water after time, fizzes with HCl, often steams with HCl, strong odor.

    Hair

    • Hair Structure: Composed of cuticle (outer overlapping scales), cortex (pigment layer), and medulla (central core).
    • Scale Types: Coronal, Spinous, Imbricate.
    • Medulla Variations: Humans generally have less than ⅓ medulla, while other animals can have more.
    • Root Information: DNA location, reveals pulling/falling out.

    Fibers

    • Burn Test Differences (Natural vs. Synthetic): Natural fibers have characteristic smells and forms of ash production along with extinguishing. Synthetic fibers often produce beads, smolder, and may melt during the burning process.
    • Wool: Burns like burning hair, small flame, brittle ash, self-extinguishing.
    • Silk: Burns like burning feathers, calm flame, no smoldering, black bead forms, and crumbles, self-extinguishing.
    • Cotton: Burns like burning paper, amber/yellow flame, greyish ash, continues to burn after removal from flame.
    • Linen: Burns like burning grass, yellowish flame, burns constantly, sparks, continues to burn after removal.
    • Nylon: Burns with celery smell, hard orange bead forms, self-extinguishing.
    • Acrylic: Pungent smell, rapid burning, hard black bead forms, partially crushable, continues to melt after removal.
    • Polyester: Sweet chemical taste, rapid burning, black bead forms that can't be crushed, continues to burn after removal.
    • Rayon: Burns like burning wood, rapid burning, no ash, continues to burn after removal.
    • Crunch Test Differences: Natural fibers wrinkle and crease, synthetic fibers do not or slightly wrinkle.

    Fingerprints

    • Fingerprint Patterns: Arches (simplest, no deltas), Tented arches (similar to arches, with a central spike), Loops (most common, one delta), Whorls (two deltas, complete circle), Accidental (combination of patterns).
    • Delta Definition: Where ridges converge to form a triangle
    • Core Definition: The center of the fingerprint
    • Fingerprint Types: Patent (visible), Plastic (indented), Latent (invisible).

    Soil

    • Soil Types: Peaty, loamy, sandy, clay, chalky, silty.
    • Color Correlations: Dark brown (loamy), darker brown (nearly black) (peaty), lighter than loamy (silty), similar to sand (sandy), lighter than others (clay), similar to limestone (chalky)
    • Soil Composition Chart: A chart allows visualization of relative percentages of sand, clay, and silt to determine soil type.
    • pH Test: Different soils have different ranges of pH, allowing different soils to be separated based on their pH value.
    • Soil Diameter: Clay < Silty < Sandy.

    Spatters

    • Blood Spatter Velocity: Determined by diameter.
      • Low (4 mm or more): Accidental wounding.
      • Medium (2-4 mm): Beating, stabbing.
      • High (2 mm or less): Gunshot, bombing.
    • Blood Spatter Direction: Determined by the direction of the tail of the spatter.

    DNA

    • DNA Structure: Double helix shaped molecule; made up of atoms forming a ladder.
    • DNA Function: Codes for traits and qualities of living organisms.
    • Amino Acids: Building blocks of life, 20 different types.
    • Amino Acid Formation: Combine to form proteins
    • Protein Function: Cells, tissues, organs, living organisms
    • DNA's role in forming proteins: DNA provides the instructions telling amino acids how to form proteins correctly.
    • Nucleotides: Basic building blocks of DNA, four types: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
    • Base Pairs: A with T, and G with C
    • RNA: Partial copies of DNA, crucial for delivering instructions to amino acids.
    • Ribosomes: Read RNA codes, assemble amino acids into proteins.
    • Protein Formation: Ribosomes follow RNA’s instructions to produce strings of amino acids that fold into correct 3D structures.

    Nucleotides

    • Nucleotide Composition: Five-carbon sugar (pentose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base.
    • Pentose Sugar Variations: Ribose in RNA, Deoxyribose in DNA (one less oxygen).
    • Nitrogenous Bases: Specific to DNA (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) and RNA (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil).

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    Description

    Explore the properties and reactions of various powders in this chemistry quiz. From sodium acetate to cornstarch, learn how these substances interact with water, acids, and iodine. Test your knowledge of their characteristics, solubility, and pH levels.

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