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Questions and Answers
Which nucleotide derivative serves as the universal currency of energy?
What is formed when a nucleoside is esterified to a phosphate group?
What type of nitrogenous base is adenine?
What are the components of a nucleotide?
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What is the difference between a nucleoside diphosphate and a nucleoside triphosphate?
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What is the role of NAD+ in cellular processes?
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Which statement about DNA and RNA is correct?
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What is the function of cAMP and cGMP?
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What type of nucleic acid is concerned with the storage and transfer of genetic information?
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What is formed when a base combines with a pentose sugar?
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What are the purine bases present in RNA and DNA?
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Which of the following best describes the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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What is the approximate size of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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How many tRNAs are found in humans, despite there being 20 amino acids?
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What gives transfer RNA (tRNA) its clover leaf shape?
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Which sequence is present towards the 3’ end (acceptor arm) of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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What is the role of the last nucleotide, adenine, at the 3’ end of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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What does the anticodon arm of transfer RNA (tRNA) have?
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What is the major difference between ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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What is the sugar component in DNA?
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Where is RNA found?
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Which of the following bases are found in RNA?
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What is the nature of DNA?
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Which of the following are purine bases in nucleic acids?
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What is the main difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?
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How are deoxyribonucleosides denoted to avoid confusion?
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What is the significance of 5'-phosphates in nucleotides?
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Which position of ribose or deoxyribose can be phosphorylated to form nucleotides?
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What are nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP, used for in biological processes?
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How are cyclic nucleotides, such as cAMP and cGMP, formed?
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What is the role of nucleotide triphosphates in biological processes?
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What is the composition of RNA?
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What stabilizes mRNA and assists in its translation?
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What role does transfer RNA (tRNA) play in protein synthesis?
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What holds together the structure of RNA?
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Study Notes
- The purine bases in nucleic acids are adenine and guanine, while pyrimidine bases are cytosine, thymine, and uracil
- Nucleosides are formed when bases attach to pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) through a beta-N-glycosidic bond
- Deoxyribonucleosides are denoted with the prefix "d-" and have different carbon designations to avoid confusion
- Nucleotides are phosphate esters of nucleosides, and most biologically active ones are 5'-phosphates
- Nucleotides can be formed with either ribose or deoxyribose, which can be phosphorylated at the 3' or 5' positions
- Nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP, are high-energy compounds used as cofactors and energy currencies
- Cyclic nucleotides, such as cAMP and cGMP, are formed by phosphodiester linkages between the 3' and 5' positions of the ribose group
- Nucleotides and nucleic acids absorb ultraviolet light, and nucleotide triphosphates play essential roles in various biological processes
- RNA is a single-stranded polymer of ribonucleotides, and messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis
- RNA is composed of ribose sugar, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate, and its structure is held together by hydrogen bonds between bases and by phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
- mRNA contains a poly(A) tail at its 3' end, which stabilizes the mRNA and helps in its translation
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a role in translating the genetic code from mRNA to protein
- The structure of DNA, proposed by Watson and Crick, consists of two complementary strands coiled around the same axis and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.
- RNA comes in various forms, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and each type plays distinct roles in the cell.
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By Ahmed Safaa Telegram channel : https://t.me/mcqb2