Chemistry of Isocyanides and Cyanides
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Questions and Answers

Which reaction produces a secondary amine from an isocyanide?

  • RCN + 2H<sub>2</sub>O → RCOOH + NH<sub>3</sub>
  • R-C≡N + 4[H] SnCl<sub>2</sub>/HCl → RCH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>
  • R-NEC + 4[H] SnCl<sub>2</sub>/HCl → CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> (correct)
  • R-C≡N + R-Mg-X → R-C=N-MgX

    • Alkyl isocyanide undergoes the Stephen reaction.

    False

    What is the general formula of alkyl cyanide?

    R-C≡N

    In acidic medium, alkyl cyanide hydrolyzes to form __________ and __________.

    <p>carboxylic acid, ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with either Alkyl Cyanide or Alkyl Isocyanide:

    <p>Thermal Stability = Alkyl Cyanide Produces primary amine upon hydrolysis = Alkyl Isocyanide React with Grignard reagent = Alkyl Cyanide Method of preparation includes carbyl amine reaction = Alkyl Isocyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of hydrolyzing alkyl cyanide in acidic medium?

    <p>Carboxylic acid and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isocyanides can react with Grignard reagents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for methyl isocyanide?

    <p>Methane isonitrile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The general formula for isocyanides is R-NC, where R represents the __________ group.

    <p>alkyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cyanide usage is true?

    <p>Cyanide is used in metallurgy for electroplating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their corresponding common names:

    <p>CH3-NC = Methyl isocyanide CH3-CH2-NEC = Ethyl isocyanide C3H7-NC = Propyl isocyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hydrolysis of isocyanides produces secondary amines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to less stable alkyl isocyanides when they are heated?

    <p>They convert into more stable alkyl cyanides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyanide is formed from the reaction of alkyl halide with AgCN.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common name for C4H9CN is __________.

    <p>Butyl cyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cyanides with their corresponding common names:

    <p>CH<sub>3</sub>CN = Methyl cyanide C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CN = Ethyl cyanide C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>CN = Propyl cyanide C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>CN = Pentyl cyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method for preparing cyanide from acid amide?

    <p>RCONH<sub>2</sub> + P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Mendius reduction reaction converts alkyl cyanide into secondary amines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when alkyl isocyanide undergoes reduction in the presence of SnCl2/HCl?

    <p>Secondary amine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when aniline is heated with KOH and CHCl3?

    <p>Phenyl isocyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary amines give diazotization reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is produced from the Gatterman reaction?

    <p>Aniline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coupling reaction between aromatic amines and diazonium salts forms ______.

    <p>azo dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactions with their products:

    <p>Diazotization = Diazonium salt Acetylation = N-acetyl derivative Coupling reaction = Azo compound Nitration = Nitro compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines?

    <p>Hinsberg reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aniline turns black when exposed to air.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oil of mirbane?

    <p>Nitrobenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions results in the formation of aniline?

    <p>Reduction of nitrobenzene in acidic medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sandmeyer reaction involves the conversion of C6H5NaCl and CuCl/HCl to form C6H5Cl.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when acetamide is heated in the presence of P2O5?

    <p>CH3CN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C6H5NH2 + HNO2 0°C → __________.

    <p>C6H5N2Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactions with their correct names:

    <p>C6H5NH2 + HNO2 = Diazotisation C6H5NO2 + 6[H] Sn/HCl = Mendius reduction reaction C6H5NaCl + CuCl/HCl = Sandmeyer reaction CH3COOH + NaN3 = Schmidt reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the Schmidt reaction involving CH3COOH?

    <p>CH3NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction C6H5NO2 + 6[H] Sn/HCl yields C6H5NH2 and water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the reaction that produces CH3NH2 from CH3COOH and NaN3.

    <p>Schmidt reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbyl amine test gives only _______ amine.

    <p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of the reaction of benzoic acid and hydrazoic acid?

    <p>Aniline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All aliphatic amines are less basic in nature than ammonia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of NaOH in the benzylation of amines?

    <p>It facilitates the Schotten-Baumann reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactions with their outcomes.

    <p>C6H5COOH + NaN3 = C6H5NH2 + CO2 + N2 C6H5N=C=S + H2O = Phenol Reduction of nitrobenzene = Aniline Primary amine with CHCl3 and KOH = RNC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic nature of amine is due to the presence of _______ on the nitrogen atom.

    <p>lone pair of electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about aromatic amines is true?

    <p>They are insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trinitro toluene (TNT) is a substance that can be classified as explosive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cyanide

    • General Formula: R-CN or R-CEN
    • Functional Group: -CN or -CEN
    • Common Name: Alkyl Cyanide
    • IUPAC Name: Alkane Nitrile
    • Cyanide Nomenclature
    • Alkyl group attached to carbon atom, triple bond with nitrogen.
    • Common names are alkyl cyanide, IUPAC names are alkane nitrile

    Cyanide Preparation

    • From Alkyl Halides: R-X + M-CN → R-CN + M-X (M = alkali metal e.g., Na, K, Li)
    • From Acid Amides: RCONH₂ + P₂O₅ → R-CN + HPO₃

    Cyanide Properties

    • Mendius Reduction: R-CN + 4[H] → R-CH₂NH₂ (Primary amine) or LiAlH₄ used
    • Reaction with Grignard Reagents: R-CN + R-MgX → R-C(O)R' + MgX + NH₃ (In acidic medium producing ketone)

    Cyanide Uses

    • Paper, textiles, plastics
    • Killing ants, rat poisons, pesticides
    • Metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, gold removal

    Isocyanides

    • General Formula: R-NC
    • Functional Group: -N=C
    • Common Name: Alkyl isocyanide
    • IUPAC Name: Alkane iso-nitrile
    • Isocyanide preparation
    • From alkyl halides: R-X + AgCN -> RNC + AgX
    • From alkyl amine: RNH2 + CH3I + 3KOH -> RNC + 3KI + 3H2O

    Isocyanide Properties

    • Stephen Reaction: Isocyanides do not undergo Stephen reaction.
    • Grignard Reagents: Isocyanides do not react with Grignard reagents.
    • Hydrolysis: R-NC + 2H₂O (acidic medium) → R-COOH + NH₃
    • Thermal Stability: Less stable alkyl isocyanide on heating are converted into stable alkyl cyanide.
    • Medium Reduction: Alkyl isocyanides with SHSOH/H₂ to give secondary amines.

    Isocyanide Uses

    • Pesticides, paints, plastics

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the reactions and properties of isocyanides and cyanides. This quiz covers key topics such as the Stephen reaction, hydrolysis in acidic medium, and the nomenclature of these compounds. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry concepts.

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