Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of alkanes?

  • Formed through the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen
  • Synthesized from nitrogen and carbon dioxide
  • Sourced from the decomposition of carbohydrates
  • Formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago (correct)

What is the general name for the family of hydrocarbons discussed in the text?

  • Alkanes (correct)
  • Alkenes
  • Aldehydes
  • Alkynes

What is the molecular formula for Ethane?

  • C₄H₁₀
  • C₂H₆ (correct)
  • C₂H₄
  • C₃H₈

How many carbon atoms are present in the molecular formula of Butane?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the OCEAN that alkanes originated from?

<p>300-400 million years ago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of carbons in the molecular formula for Decane?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for Hexane?

<p>C₆H₁₄ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to represent the structure of the first six alkanes?

<p>Molecular formulae and displayed formulae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of hydrogens in the molecular formula for Ethane?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the displayed formula for the first alkane?

<p>H -C-C-H (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homologous series?

<p>A group of compounds with the same general formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is incomplete combustion?

<p>The reaction between a fuel and insufficient oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular formula?

<p>A formula that shows the relative quantity of different types of atoms in a molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is viscosity?

<p>The measure of how easily a fluid flows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrocarbon?

<p>A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isomer?

<p>A molecule with the same molecular formula but a different structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for the alkane family?

<p>CH₃(CH₂)ₙCH₃ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for methane?

<p>CH₄ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for the alkyne family?

<p>C₂H₂ₙ₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for heptane?

<p>C₇H₁₆ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for octane?

<p>C₈H₁₈ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the empirical formula show?

<p>The simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the molecular formula and the empirical formula?

<p>The molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hydrocarbons are CH₄, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈?

<p>Alkanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of hydrogens in the molecular formula for a general alkane?

<p>2n + 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the molecular formula be converted into an empirical formula?

<p>By dividing by the greatest common divisor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Origin of Alkanes

Formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago.

Alkane Family

A family of hydrocarbons.

Ethane Formula

C₂H₆

Butane Carbons

4 carbon atoms

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Decane Carbons

10 carbon atoms

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Hexane Formula

C₆H₁₄

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Representation of first six alkanes

Molecular formulae and displayed formulae

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Ethane Hydrogens

6 hydrogens

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First alkane displayed formula

H-C-C-H

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Homologous Series

A group of compounds with the same general formula.

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Incomplete Combustion

Reaction between a fuel and insufficient oxygen.

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Molecular Formula

Shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.

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Viscosity

Measure of a fluid's flow resistance.

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Hydrocarbon

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.

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Isomer

Molecules with same molecular formula but different structure.

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General alkane formula

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

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Methane Formula

CH₄

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Alkyne General Formula

CₙH₂ₙ₋₂

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Heptane Formula

C₇H₁₆

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Octane Formula

C₈H₁₈

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Empirical Formula

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Molecular Formula Relationship

Molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula.

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CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈ type

Alkanes

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General Alkanes Hydrogens

2n + 2

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Converting Molecular to Empirical Formula

Divide by the greatest common divisor.

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Study Notes

Alkanes and Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes are a family of hydrocarbons with similar properties
  • They are formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago
  • They are a large group of compounds with a general formula of CnH2n+2
  • They can be represented using molecular formulae and displayed formulae

Molecular and Empirical Formulae

  • Molecular formula shows the exact number of each type of atom in a molecule
  • Empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound
  • The molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula

Properties of Alkanes

  • They have strong intermolecular forces between molecules
  • They have a trend in physical properties
  • They can undergo incomplete combustion, producing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or carbon
  • Viscosity of alkanes increases with an increase in the number of carbon atoms

Displayed Formulae of Alkanes

  • Methane: H-C-H
  • Ethane: H-C-C-H
  • The displayed formula for the first six alkanes can be used to build more complex alkanes

Homologous Series

  • A group of compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties, and a trend in physical properties
  • Alkanes are a homologous series, with each member differing by a -CH2- group

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Test your knowledge of hydrocarbons, including their molecular formula, homologous series, and chemical properties. Learn about the different types of hydrocarbons and their characteristics.

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