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Match the following characteristics with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of amino acid:
Amphoteric = Amino acid that can be both acid and base Basic = Amino acid that can donate H+ Acidic = Amino acid that can accept H+ Neutral = Amino acid that is neither acid nor base
Match the following elements with their presence in amino acids:
Match the following elements with their presence in amino acids:
Oxygen = Present in amino group and carboxyl group Nitrogen = Present in amino group Sulfur = Present in some amino acids (e.g. cysteine) Carbon = Present in the R-group
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of amino acid structure:
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of amino acid structure:
Aromatic ring = Present in some amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine) R-group = Unique side chain of an amino acid Carboxyl group = Present in all amino acids Amino group = Present in all amino acids
Match the following properties with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following properties with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following statements with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct type of amino acid:
Match the following elements with their correct functions in amino acids:
Match the following elements with their correct functions in amino acids:
Match the following properties with the characteristic of carboxyl group:
Match the following properties with the characteristic of carboxyl group:
Match the following terms with their descriptions in amino acids:
Match the following terms with their descriptions in amino acids:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of amino acid:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following terms with their characteristics in amino acids:
Match the following amino acids with their characteristic R-groups:
Match the following amino acids with their characteristic R-groups:
Match the following amino acids with their primary characteristics:
Match the following amino acids with their primary characteristics:
Match the following amino acids with their functionality:
Match the following amino acids with their functionality:
Match the following amino acids with their structural properties:
Match the following amino acids with their structural properties:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their polarity:
Match the following amino acids with their polarity:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their structural properties:
Match the following amino acids with their structural properties:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their R-group properties:
Match the following amino acids with their functionality:
Match the following amino acids with their functionality:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following groups with their corresponding acid-base properties in amino acids:
Match the following groups with their corresponding acid-base properties in amino acids:
Match the following reactions with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following reactions with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following pH ranges with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following pH ranges with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding acid-base properties in amino acids:
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding acid-base properties in amino acids:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following reactions with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following reactions with their corresponding acid-base properties:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the following terms with their definitions in acid-base chemistry:
Match the amino acid with its abbreviation:
Match the amino acid with its abbreviation:
Match the amino acid classification with its characteristic:
Match the amino acid classification with its characteristic:
Match the amino acid property with its description:
Match the amino acid property with its description:
Match the amino acid classification with its example:
Match the amino acid classification with its example:
Match the amino acid chain characteristic with its description:
Match the amino acid chain characteristic with its description:
Match the amino acid classification with its solubility:
Match the amino acid classification with its solubility:
Match the amino acid property with its effect on the body:
Match the amino acid property with its effect on the body:
Match the amino acid classification with its location in the body:
Match the amino acid classification with its location in the body:
Match the amino acid chain characteristic with its function:
Match the amino acid chain characteristic with its function:
Match the amino acid property with its origin:
Match the amino acid property with its origin:
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Structure
- Amino acids have an amino group (NHâ‚‚) and a carboxyl group (COOH)
- They are amphoteric, meaning they can act as both acids and bases
- Amino groups are protonated (gain H+) and behave as bases, while carboxyl groups are deprotonated (lose H+) and behave as acids
Stereoisomers
- Except for glycine, amino acids have two stereoisomers: L and D forms
Solubility
- Amino acids are soluble in polar solvents due to their ionic character
- The structure of the R group also influences solubility
Classification of Amino Acids
- Amino acids are classified into two main categories: essential and non-essential
- Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet (10 out of 20)
- Non-essential amino acids can be produced by the human body (10 out of 20)
Properties of Amino Acids
- Some amino acids have aromatic ring structures
- Some amino acids are hydrophilic (water-loving), while others are hydrophobic (water-fearing)
- The R group of an amino acid can be polar or non-polar, affecting its solubility
Abbreviations
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Amino acids are referred to by three-letter or one-letter abbreviations (e.g., Gly for glycine, Ala for alanine)### Amino Acids
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There are 20 standard amino acids, each with a unique R-group
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Glycine (Gly) and Alanine (Ala) have small R-groups
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Serine (Ser) and Threonine (Thr) have R-groups with a hydroxyl (-OH) group
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Cysteine (Cys) has an R-group with a sulfur atom, which can form a disulfide bridge with another Cysteine
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Tyrosine (Tyr) and Tryptophan (Trp) have large, rigid R-groups
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Proline (Pro) has a unique, rigid structure that can cause kinks in protein chains
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Valine (Val) and Isoleucine (Ile) have non-polar, hydrophobic R-groups
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Asparagine (Asn) and Glutamine (Gln) have R-groups with an amide group
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Methionine (Met) has a sulfide group in its R-group, making it easily soluble in water
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Leucine (Leu) has a non-polar, hydrophobic R-group
Polarity of Amino Acids
- Amino acids can be classified as polar or non-polar based on their R-group
- Polar amino acids have R-groups with a hydroxyl (-OH) or amide group
- Non-polar amino acids have R-groups with hydrocarbon chains or sulfur atoms
- Glycine (Gly) and Serine (Ser) are polar amino acids
- Alanine (Ala) and Valine (Val) are non-polar amino acids
- Proline (Pro) is a non-polar amino acid, but its rigid structure makes it unique
Protein Structure
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Disulfide bridges can form between two Cysteine (Cys) residues, stabilizing protein structure
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Hydrogen bonds and weak interactions between amino acids help stabilize protein structure
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Proline (Pro) can cause kinks in protein chains due to its rigid structure### Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
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pH Scale: pH = -log[H+]
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Weak acids and weak bases: dissociate partly in water, resulting in a mixture of protonated and deprotonated forms
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Acidic conditions: [H+] > 10^-7, pH < 7
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Basic conditions: [OH-] > 10^-7, pH > 7
Carboxyl Group (COOH)
- Acidic group: dissociates partly in water to release H+ ions
- pK1 ~ 2.2: the pH below which the carboxyl group is protonated
- Example: CH₃CH₂COOH (acetate) has a pK1 of 2.2, meaning it is protonated at pH values below 2.2
Amino Group (NH2)
- Basic group: accepts H+ ions
- pK2 ~ 9.4: the pH above which the amino group is deprotonated
- Example: NHâ‚„+ (ammonium) has a pK2 of 9.4, meaning it is deprotonated at pH values above 9.4
Titration of Glycine
- Glycine: an amino acid with a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group (NH2)
- pK1 (-COOH) = 2.34, pK2 (-NH3+) = 9.6
- At pH < 2.34, the carboxyl group is protonated (COOH) and the amino group is protonated (NH3+)
- At pH > 9.6, the carboxyl group is deprotonated (COO-) and the amino group is deprotonated (NH2)
- At pH = 2.34, the carboxyl group is 50% protonated and 50% deprotonated
- At pH = 9.6, the amino group is 50% protonated and 50% deprotonated
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