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Chemistry Nobel Prize Laureates and Radioactive Transmutation

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Chemistry Nobel Prize Laureates and Radioactive Transmutation

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Questions and Answers

Why was it difficult to perform experiments on atoms with atomic number Z = 60 (Neodymium)?

Neodymium cannot be beaten into very thin foils due to its hexagonal close-packed crystal structure (correct)

Neodymium is too heavy to be accelerated to high energies

Neodymium atoms are too unstable and radioactive

Neodymium is too rare and expensive to obtain in large quantities

What was the key finding of the Geiger and Marsden experiments on Rutherford scattering?

They discovered that the internal structure of atoms is made up of mostly empty space

They were able to transform one type of atom into another by bombarding them with alpha particles

They found that the Rydberg equation accurately predicts the wavelengths of atomic emission spectra

They observed that a few alpha particles were scattered at backward angles greater than 90° (correct)

What is the significance of the log-log graph in the context of Rutherford scattering experiments?

It enables the experimental rule of only changing one variable at a time

It demonstrates the quantization of angular momentum in atomic systems

It shows that relationships of the form y = ax^k appear as straight lines, allowing for the determination of the exponent k (correct)

It allows for the visualization of the Rydberg equation and Balmer series

What was Rutherford's famous quote about the nature of science?

"The only real science is physics, everything else is stamp collecting." Signup and view all the answers

What was Rutherford's key contribution to the understanding of the structure of atoms?

He demonstrated that atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by a large empty space Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct expression for the Rydberg constant $R_\infty$?

$R_\infty = \frac{e^2}{8\pi\epsilon_0 a_0 h^2}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Balmer series in the context of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom?

The Balmer series represents the emission spectrum of hydrogen when electrons transition to the $n=2$ energy level. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bohr model, what is the significance of the quantization of angular momentum in atoms?

It explains the discrete energy levels of electrons in atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the X-ray spectrum in the context of atomic structure?

It provides information about the energy levels of electrons in atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the stability of atoms is correct?

Atoms are most stable when they have the lowest possible energy. Signup and view all the answers