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Questions and Answers
What is activation energy?
Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, related to the strength and number of existing chemical bonds.
Which factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Activation energy influences the rate of a chemical reaction.
True
Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, and is influenced by the strength and number of existing chemical _ _ _ _ _.
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According to VSEPR theory, what are the approximate bond angles for the following molecular shapes: linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and pyramidal?
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What are the primary types of intermolecular forces found within molecular covalent substances?
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Temperature changes have no effect on the solubility of most gases.
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PH is dependent on the concentration of _______ ions in a solution.
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What is activation energy (Ea) related to in a chemical reaction?
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What do catalysts, including enzymes and metal nanoparticles, affect in chemical reactions?
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Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and is related to the strength and number of the existing ______ bonds.
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What theory is used to predict and explain the shapes of molecules?
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Which bond angles should be covered when applying VSEPR theory?
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What are the three types of intermolecular forces mentioned in the content?
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Molarity = [Blank].
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Most gases become more soluble as the solvent temperature increases.
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Match the following properties with their effects on solubility:
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What is pH dependent on in a solution?
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Study Notes
Topic 1: Intermolecular Forces and Gases
- Apply VSEPR theory to predict, draw, and explain molecular shapes
- Use molecular shape, symmetry, and electronegativity to explain and predict molecular polarity
- Explain the relationship between observable properties (vapour pressure, melting point, boiling point, and solubility) and intermolecular forces (dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attractions, and hydrogen bonding)
- Construct 3D models of linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and pyramidal molecules
Topic 2: Aqueous Solutions and Acidity
- Understand the unique properties of water (boiling point, density, surface tension, and ability to act as a solvent) due to its molecular shape and hydrogen bonding
- Distinguish between solute, solvent, solution, and concentration
- Recall that concentration can be represented in various ways (moles per litre, mass per litre, or parts per million)
- Distinguish between unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions
- Apply solubility rules to determine products of reactions and predict precipitate formation
- Determine the presence of specific ions in solutions based on evidence from chemical reactions
- Construct and use ionic formulas, chemical formulas, and chemical equations to communicate conceptual understanding
Topic 3: Rates of Chemical Reactions
- Explain how varying conditions (temperature, surface area, pressure, concentration, and catalyst presence) affect the rate of chemical reactions
- Use collision theory to explain and predict the effect of concentration, temperature, pressure, and surface area on reaction rates
- Construct and explain Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves for reactions with and without catalysts
- Recognize that activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
- Sketch and use energy profile diagrams to represent enthalpy changes and activation energy associated with chemical reactions
- Explain how catalysts (including enzymes and metal nanoparticles) affect reaction rates by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a reduced activation energy
- Use mathematical representations to calculate the rate of chemical reactions by measuring the rate of formation of products or the depletion of reactants
Topic 1: Intermolecular Forces and Gases
- Apply VSEPR theory to predict, draw, and explain molecular shapes
- Use molecular shape, symmetry, and electronegativity to explain and predict molecular polarity
- Explain the relationship between observable properties (vapour pressure, melting point, boiling point, and solubility) and intermolecular forces (dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attractions, and hydrogen bonding)
- Construct 3D models of linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and pyramidal molecules
Topic 2: Aqueous Solutions and Acidity
- Understand the unique properties of water (boiling point, density, surface tension, and ability to act as a solvent) due to its molecular shape and hydrogen bonding
- Distinguish between solute, solvent, solution, and concentration
- Recall that concentration can be represented in various ways (moles per litre, mass per litre, or parts per million)
- Distinguish between unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions
- Apply solubility rules to determine products of reactions and predict precipitate formation
- Determine the presence of specific ions in solutions based on evidence from chemical reactions
- Construct and use ionic formulas, chemical formulas, and chemical equations to communicate conceptual understanding
Topic 3: Rates of Chemical Reactions
- Explain how varying conditions (temperature, surface area, pressure, concentration, and catalyst presence) affect the rate of chemical reactions
- Use collision theory to explain and predict the effect of concentration, temperature, pressure, and surface area on reaction rates
- Construct and explain Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves for reactions with and without catalysts
- Recognize that activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
- Sketch and use energy profile diagrams to represent enthalpy changes and activation energy associated with chemical reactions
- Explain how catalysts (including enzymes and metal nanoparticles) affect reaction rates by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a reduced activation energy
- Use mathematical representations to calculate the rate of chemical reactions by measuring the rate of formation of products or the depletion of reactants
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Description
Apply VSEPR theory to predict molecular shapes, approximate bond angles, and understand intermolecular forces. Topics covered include linear, bent, trigonal planar, and tetravalent shapes.
