Chemistry: Molar Mass and Ionic Compounds

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of molar mass?

  • The mass of one mole of any substance in ounces
  • The total mass of all atoms in a molecule in grams
  • The weight of a molecule in kilograms
  • The molecular weight in grams (correct)

Which process results in the formation of a cation?

  • Combining two atoms
  • Adding an electron to an atom
  • Gaining a neutron
  • Removing an electron from an atom (correct)

What type of molecule is represented by S8?

  • Monatomic molecule
  • Cation
  • Polyatomic molecule (correct)
  • Diatomic molecule

What charge does an anion carry?

<p>Negative charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a cation formed?

<p>By losing one or more electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common charge on a magnesium ion?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an anion derived from fluorine?

<p>-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a nonmetal when it forms an anion?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the ion formed by nitrogen in Group 5A?

<p>-3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about transition metals in terms of ion formation?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic ion is commonly known for having a charge related to oxygen?

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What type of elements are typically involved in ionic compounds?

<p>A combination of metals and nonmetals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the empirical formula of ethanol, C2H6O, what is the percentage composition of hydrogen?

<p>13.15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight percent of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide (NO2)?

<p>30.4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the molar mass of NO2 is 46.0 g, what is the contributing weight mass of oxygen in the formula?

<p>32.0 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For nitrogen monoxide (NO), what is true about its molecular composition?

<p>It consists of one mole of nitrogen and one mole of oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percent by weight of oxygen in nitrogen dioxide (NO2)?

<p>69.6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criterion for a pure compound in terms of molecular composition?

<p>It must consist of elements in the same proportions by weight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of nitrogen are present in one mole of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)?

<p>14.0 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the attractive force between oppositely charged ions in ionic compounds?

<p>Electrostatic forces governed by Coulomb’s Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Coulomb’s Law, what happens to the attractive force as ion charge increases?

<p>The attractive force increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the attractive force between ions as the distance between them increases?

<p>The attractive force decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the melting point of NaCl, and how does it compare to that of MgO?

<p>MgO has a higher melting point than NaCl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is an example of molecular compounds formed from nonmetals?

<p>CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding ionic and molecular compounds?

<p>Ionic compounds are held together by electrostatic forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the melting point of NaCl?

<p>804 °C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ionic compounds?

<p>They consist solely of nonmetals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ions do metals typically form when they lose electrons?

<p>Cations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nonmetal ion is derived from Group 6A and carries a charge of -2?

<p>O2- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons does a nonmetal from Group 7A typically gain to form an anion?

<p>1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an aluminum ion when it forms?

<p>+3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stem for the ion formed by carbon in Group 4A?

<p>Carbide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic ion is most commonly known for having a charge related to nitrogen?

<p>Nitrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically distinguishes ions with names ending in -ate from those ending in -ite?

<p>The number of oxygen atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transition metals can commonly form a +2 or +3 ion?

<p>Iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nitrogen atoms are present in one molecule of glycine?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly denotes the atom ordering in glycine?

<p>H2NCH2COOH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of glycine based on its molecular formula?

<p>89.09 g/mol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structural representations is used for glycine?

<p>H-N-C-C-O-H (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many total carbon atoms are present in one molecule of glycine?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula of a compound composed of B and H that is 81.10% B?

<p>B2H5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the empirical formula of a compound is B2H5, what could be a possible molecular formula?

<p>B4H10 (B), B6H15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the molecular formula determined from the empirical formula?

<p>By finding the molar mass and comparing it to the empirical formula mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula mass of B2H5?

<p>26.66 g/mol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to finding the molecular formula of a compound, given its empirical formula B2H5?

<p>Conduct experiments to find the molar mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Molecular Formula

A way to represent the composition of a molecule, indicating the number and types of atoms present.

Structural Formula

A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, along with their bonds.

Ball & Stick Model

A 3D representation of a molecule, where atoms are represented as spheres and bonds as sticks.

Space-Filling Model

A 3D representation of a molecule, where atoms are space-filling spheres, showing their relative sizes.

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Molecular Weight

The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule.

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Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams.

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Ion

A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds, with a net positive or negative charge.

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Cation

An ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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Anion

An ion with a negative charge, formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

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Ionic Compound

A substance formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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Mass Spectrometry

A technique used to determine the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions in a sample. It is based on the principle that ions of different masses will be deflected differently in a magnetic field.

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Mass Spectrum

A visual representation of the data obtained from a mass spectrometer. Peaks on the spectrum correspond to ions of different m/z values, with the height of each peak indicating the relative abundance of that ion.

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Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound. For example, the empirical formula of glucose is CH2O, even though its molecular formula is C6H12O6.

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Electrostatic Forces

The attractive force between oppositely charged ions in ionic compounds.

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Coulomb's Law

A law that describes the strength of electrostatic forces between charged particles.

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Coulomb's Law: Charge

As the ion charge increases, the attractive forces between the ions also increase.

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Coulomb's Law: Distance

As the distance between ions increases, the attractive force between them decreases.

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Coulomb's Law: Melting Points

Ionic compounds with higher charges (like Mg2+ and O2-) have stronger attractions and therefore higher melting points.

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Molecular Compounds

Molecules formed by covalent bonds, sharing electrons between nonmetals.

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Naming Molecular Compounds

A method for naming molecular compounds.

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Molecular Compounds: Nonmetals

Compounds formed from two or more nonmetals bonded together by sharing electrons.

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Percent Composition

A representation of the elements present in a compound and their relative proportions by weight.

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Calculating Percent Composition

The process of calculating the percentage by mass of each element in a compound.

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Weight Percent of an Element

The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound, expressed as a percentage.

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Simplest Formula

A chemical formula that represents the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound, regardless of its actual molecular formula.

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Predicting Ion Charges

Metals typically lose electrons to form cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form anions.

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Ion Charge and Periodic Table

The number of electrons an atom gains or loses to become an ion is related to its periodic group number.

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Predicting Charges of Monatomic Ions

The charge of a monatomic ion can be predicted by its location on the periodic table. For metals, the charge is equal to the group number. For nonmetals, the charge is equal to 8 minus the group number.

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Polyatomic Ions

A group of atoms that carry a charge.

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Polyatomic Ion Names

The name of many oxygen-containing polyatomic ions is typically ending in -ate or -ite.

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Polyatomic Cation

A group of atoms that carry a positive charge.

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