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Questions and Answers
A ______ mixture has a uniform composition throughout.
A ______ mixture has a uniform composition throughout.
homogeneous
In a homogeneous mixture, the components are ______ and have consistent properties.
In a homogeneous mixture, the components are ______ and have consistent properties.
indistinguishable
An example of a heterogeneous mixture is a ______, which contains distinct vegetables.
An example of a heterogeneous mixture is a ______, which contains distinct vegetables.
salad
Oil and water are considered ______ liquids that separate into layers.
Oil and water are considered ______ liquids that separate into layers.
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Saltwater is an example of a ______ mixture where the solute is fully dissolved.
Saltwater is an example of a ______ mixture where the solute is fully dissolved.
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A ______ is a mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid, such as muddy water.
A ______ is a mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid, such as muddy water.
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Study Notes
Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
- Definition: Mixtures with a uniform composition throughout.
- Characteristics:
- Components are indistinguishable.
- Consistent appearance and properties.
- Examples:
- Saltwater: Salt fully dissolves in water.
- Air: A uniform mixture of gases.
- Alloys: Such as brass (copper and zinc) and steel (iron and carbon).
- Types:
- Solutions: Liquids where solute is dissolved in a solvent (e.g., sugar in water).
- Gases: Mixtures of gases where each component is evenly distributed.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Definition: Mixtures with a non-uniform composition.
- Characteristics:
- Components remain distinct and can often be seen.
- Varying properties and appearance throughout the mixture.
- Examples:
- Salad: Contains different vegetables that can be identified.
- Concrete: Mixture of gravel, sand, water, and cement.
- Oil and water: Two immiscible liquids that separate into layers.
- Types:
- Suspensions: Solid particles suspended in a liquid (e.g., muddy water).
- Colloids: Intermediate between solutions and suspensions (e.g., milk).
Mixtures Overview
- Mixtures combine two or more substances while retaining their individual properties.
Homogeneous Mixtures
- Uniform composition throughout, making the individual components indistinguishable.
- Characteristics include a consistent appearance and similar properties across the entire mixture.
- Common examples include:
- Saltwater: Salt completely dissolves in water, resulting in a clear solution.
- Air: A mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases, evenly distributed.
- Alloys: Metal mixtures like brass (copper and zinc) and steel (iron and carbon), combining the properties of each metal.
- Types of homogeneous mixtures:
- Solutions: Liquid mixtures where the solute (e.g., sugar) is dissolved in a solvent (e.g., water).
- Gaseous mixtures: Gases mixed uniformly, ensuring each component is evenly dispersed.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Non-uniform composition, where the components remain distinct and recognizable.
- Characteristics include varying appearances and properties, making it easy to identify separate components.
- Common examples include:
- Salad: A mixture of identifiable vegetables and ingredients, easily separated.
- Concrete: Comprises gravel, sand, water, and cement, with separate components visible.
- Oil and Water: Two immiscible liquids that separate into distinct layers rather than mixing.
- Types of heterogeneous mixtures:
- Suspensions: Solid particles that remain suspended in a liquid, such as muddy water where solids can settle over time.
- Colloids: Intermediate mixtures that do not settle, like milk, which contains small fat globules mixed in a liquid.
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