Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
A liquid always completely fills the container it occupies.
A liquid always completely fills the container it occupies.
What two components are necessary for every measurement to be meaningful?
What two components are necessary for every measurement to be meaningful?
In the metric system, the base unit for measuring length is the ______.
In the metric system, the base unit for measuring length is the ______.
Match each substance with its chemical representation:
Match each substance with its chemical representation:
Which of the following is a compound?
Which of the following is a compound?
Which substance experiences the largest volume change under pressure?
Which substance experiences the largest volume change under pressure?
Mass is measured using meters in the metric system.
Mass is measured using meters in the metric system.
Which of the following relationships between English and metric units is most accurate?
Which of the following relationships between English and metric units is most accurate?
Converting 50 mL to liters involves multiplying 50 by 1000 because there are 1000 mL in 1 L.
Converting 50 mL to liters involves multiplying 50 by 1000 because there are 1000 mL in 1 L.
How many significant figures are in the measurement 255.345 g?
How many significant figures are in the measurement 255.345 g?
If a container holds 2 quarts, it holds the same amount as _ _ pints.
If a container holds 2 quarts, it holds the same amount as _ _ pints.
Which of the following measurements is an exact number?
Which of the following measurements is an exact number?
A student measures the length of a table to be 2.50 meters. How should this measurement be interpreted regarding significant figures?
A student measures the length of a table to be 2.50 meters. How should this measurement be interpreted regarding significant figures?
Which conversion factor is appropriate for converting fluid ounces (fl oz) to milliliters (mL)?
Which conversion factor is appropriate for converting fluid ounces (fl oz) to milliliters (mL)?
Match the unit of measure to what it measures:
Match the unit of measure to what it measures:
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a mixture from a pure compound?
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a mixture from a pure compound?
Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.
Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.
Provide two examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
Provide two examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
Air is classified as a ______ mixture.
Air is classified as a ______ mixture.
In the context of classifying matter, what distinguishes an element from a compound?
In the context of classifying matter, what distinguishes an element from a compound?
Which of the following is an example of a compound?
Which of the following is an example of a compound?
Match the following substances with their correct classification:
Match the following substances with their correct classification:
Lake water is always a homogeneous mixture.
Lake water is always a homogeneous mixture.
Which of the following prefixes represents a factor of $10^{-6}$?
Which of the following prefixes represents a factor of $10^{-6}$?
Weight and mass are the same thing.
Weight and mass are the same thing.
What is the base unit of volume in the metric system?
What is the base unit of volume in the metric system?
1 milliliter (mL) is equal to ______ liters (L).
1 milliliter (mL) is equal to ______ liters (L).
What is the equivalent of 1 kilometer (km) in meters (m)?
What is the equivalent of 1 kilometer (km) in meters (m)?
1 cm³ is equal to 1 L.
1 cm³ is equal to 1 L.
Which of the following is the correct representation of 1 milligram (mg) in grams (g)?
Which of the following is the correct representation of 1 milligram (mg) in grams (g)?
Match the prefix with its corresponding factor:
Match the prefix with its corresponding factor:
When using multiple conversion factors, how should they be arranged?
When using multiple conversion factors, how should they be arranged?
When performing calculations with conversion factors, the number of significant figures in the final answer must always be greater than or equal to the starting number.
When performing calculations with conversion factors, the number of significant figures in the final answer must always be greater than or equal to the starting number.
A student needs to convert grams to pounds and has the conversion factors 1 kg = 2.205 lbs and 1 kg = 1000 g. What is the first conversion factor that should be used?
A student needs to convert grams to pounds and has the conversion factors 1 kg = 2.205 lbs and 1 kg = 1000 g. What is the first conversion factor that should be used?
If you are converting pints to liters and have the conversion factors 2 pints = 1 quart and 1.06 quarts = 1 liter, the intermediate unit you will convert to is ______.
If you are converting pints to liters and have the conversion factors 2 pints = 1 quart and 1.06 quarts = 1 liter, the intermediate unit you will convert to is ______.
Which of the following is the correct setup to convert 5 kilometers to inches, given 1 in = 2.54 cm, 100 cm = 1 m, and 1000 m = 1 km?
Which of the following is the correct setup to convert 5 kilometers to inches, given 1 in = 2.54 cm, 100 cm = 1 m, and 1000 m = 1 km?
A block of aluminum has a mass of 2700 grams and a density of 2.7 g/cm³. What setup will solve for the volume of the block?
A block of aluminum has a mass of 2700 grams and a density of 2.7 g/cm³. What setup will solve for the volume of the block?
Match the given quantities with their equivalent values:
Match the given quantities with their equivalent values:
If a car is traveling at 60 miles per hour, list the conversion factors needed to convert the car's speed into feet per second.
If a car is traveling at 60 miles per hour, list the conversion factors needed to convert the car's speed into feet per second.
When converting 250 lbs to kilograms, which conversion factor should be used?
When converting 250 lbs to kilograms, which conversion factor should be used?
When using conversion factors, units that appear in both the numerator and denominator of different terms will cancel out.
When using conversion factors, units that appear in both the numerator and denominator of different terms will cancel out.
A tablet contains 500 mg of Vitamin C. How many grams of Vitamin C are in the tablet?
A tablet contains 500 mg of Vitamin C. How many grams of Vitamin C are in the tablet?
To convert 150 lb to kg, you would multiply 150 lb by the conversion factor with the unit ______ in the denominator.
To convert 150 lb to kg, you would multiply 150 lb by the conversion factor with the unit ______ in the denominator.
What is the correct setup to convert 200 milligrams (mg) to grams (g)?
What is the correct setup to convert 200 milligrams (mg) to grams (g)?
When converting units, the initial quantity's number of significant figures impacts the number of significant figures in the final answer.
When converting units, the initial quantity's number of significant figures impacts the number of significant figures in the final answer.
If a patient is prescribed 0.25 g of a drug, how many milligrams should the patient take?
If a patient is prescribed 0.25 g of a drug, how many milligrams should the patient take?
Which step is most important when solving problems using conversion factors?
Which step is most important when solving problems using conversion factors?
Flashcards
Conversion Factor
Conversion Factor
A ratio that expresses how one unit relates to another, used for converting units.
Unit Cancellation
Unit Cancellation
A method in problem-solving where units in the numerator and denominator reduce each other to simplify the calculation.
Kilogram
Kilogram
A unit of mass in the metric system equal to 2.20 pounds.
Significant Figures
Significant Figures
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Milligram
Milligram
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Setting Up a Problem
Setting Up a Problem
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Converting Pounds to Kilograms
Converting Pounds to Kilograms
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Writing Conversion Factors
Writing Conversion Factors
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Element
Element
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Compound
Compound
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Mixture
Mixture
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Homogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
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Heterogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
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Iron filings in sand
Iron filings in sand
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Salt water
Salt water
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Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
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Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
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Pint to Liter Conversion
Pint to Liter Conversion
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1.0 Pint to Liters Calculation
1.0 Pint to Liters Calculation
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Kilometers to Inches Conversion
Kilometers to Inches Conversion
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Weight of Gold to Volume Calculation
Weight of Gold to Volume Calculation
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Running Speed Calculation
Running Speed Calculation
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Solid
Solid
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Liquid
Liquid
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Gas
Gas
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Measurement
Measurement
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Metric System
Metric System
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Base unit of length
Base unit of length
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Kilometer conversion
Kilometer conversion
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Base unit of mass
Base unit of mass
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Kilogram conversion
Kilogram conversion
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Base unit of volume
Base unit of volume
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Kiloliter conversion
Kiloliter conversion
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Millimeter conversion
Millimeter conversion
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Volume formula
Volume formula
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Unit Conversion
Unit Conversion
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Length Conversion
Length Conversion
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Mass Conversion
Mass Conversion
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Volume Conversion
Volume Conversion
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Milliliters in a Liter
Milliliters in a Liter
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Exact vs Inexact Numbers
Exact vs Inexact Numbers
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Determining Significant Figures
Determining Significant Figures
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Matter and Measurement (+ Section on Energy)
- Chemistry is the study of matter—its composition, properties and transformations.
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up volume. Matter can be naturally occurring or synthetic.
- Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material. Examples include boiling point, melting point, solubility, color, and odor.
- A physical change alters the material without changing its composition.
- Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change
- Chemical change, also a chemical reaction, is a process where one or more substances are converted into one or more new substance(s). Examples include pennies tarnishing, burning gasoline, and the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water
- All matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.
- Pure substances have a constant composition regardless of sample size. Examples include table sugar and water. Pure substances can be further classified as elements or compounds.
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by a chemical change, for example, aluminum foil, nitrogen gas.
- Compounds are pure substances formed by chemically joining two or more elements. Examples include water, sodium chloride.
- Mixtures are composed of more than one component and may have varying composition. Mixtures can be separated into their components by a physical process. Examples include sugar dissolved in water, iron filings in sand, and air.
- Mixtures can be further classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
- Homogenous mixtures have the same composition throughout. Examples are salt water and air.
- Heterogeneous mixtures do not have uniform composition throughout, examples include potting soil and cake mix.
- The periodic table organizes elements by their properties. Different elements have different atomic structures and therefore exhibit different properties.
- Every measurement is composed of a number and a unit. The number is meaningless without the unit. Examples include aspirin dosage and running times.
- The metric system has base units for different measurements. Examples include the meter (m) for length, gram (g) for mass, liter (L) for volume, and second (s) for time. The metric system also uses prefixes to denote multiples or fractions of the base units, Examples include kilo, milli, and centi.
- Significant figures are all digits in a measured number including one estimated digit.
- Exact numbers result from counting or are part of a definition. Examples include 10 fingers, 10 toes and 1 metre = 100cm.; Inexact numbers result from measurements and contain some uncertainty. Examples are measurements of physical quantities.
- Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number in scientific notation consists of a coefficient and an exponent.
- Conversion factors are used to convert a quantity from one unit to another. They are usually written as equalities and are used to cancel the units to yield the desired unit.
- Density is a measure of mass per unit volume. The units are g/mL or g/cm³.
- Specific gravity compares the density of a substance to the density of water at the same temperature and has no units.
- Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.
- Two main forms of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position. Other energy forms include chemical, electrical and mechanical energy.
- When chemical or physical changes occur, energy changes also occur. Some processes release energy (e.g., burning wood), while others absorb energy (e.g., a cold pack).
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Description
This section covers the fundamentals of chemistry, including the definition and classification of matter. It differentiates between physical and chemical properties and changes. The content also explains pure substances versus mixtures.
