Chemistry: Matter and Classification

True (A)

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

<p>To divide cells and produce identical daughter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>metal, nonmetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bonding between atoms and their valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicators include color change, gas formation, and temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter = Anything that has mass and occupies space Physical Change = Change affecting form but not chemical composition Ionic Compound = Formed by the transfer of electrons Ion = Atom that has gained or lost electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery = Using drugs to kill cancer cells Chemotherapy = Transfer of a healthy organ Radiation therapy = Using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells Organ transplantation = Surgical process of transferring a healthy organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Too much exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Magnification = Ocular Lens Magnification × Objective Lens Magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form ions with a double positive charge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen ions (H⁺)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>balancing equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis Reaction = Two substances combine to form one product Decomposition Reaction = A compound breaks down into simpler substances Single Displacement Reaction = One element replaces another in a compound Double Displacement Reaction = Two compounds exchange ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They turn red litmus paper blue. (B), They increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anything that has mass and takes up space. It exists in different states like solid, liquid, and gas.

Consist of only one type of atom or molecule. Examples include gold, oxygen, water, and sodium chloride.

Combinations of two or more substances that retain their individual properties. Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

The composition is uniform throughout. Examples include air and saltwater.

The composition is not uniform and the individual components can be seen. Examples include a salad and granite.

Changes that affect the form of a substance but not its chemical composition. Examples include melting ice and tearing paper.

Changes that result in the formation of new substances with different chemical properties. Examples include burning wood and rusting of iron.

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule. They illustrate the valence electrons of atoms.

The thin, outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and exits the cell.

The organelle that contains a cell's DNA, which controls gene expression and cell division.

Organelles that are responsible for producing energy (ATP) for the cell via cellular respiration.

The system of organs that transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body and returning carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled.

White blood cells fight infections by attacking pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

Platelets help with blood clotting by preventing excessive bleeding when injuries occur.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for cell division.

The process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

The division of the cytoplasm, separating the two newly formed daughter cells after mitosis.

Uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to tumor formation and spread.

Cells with specialized structures and functions, like muscle cells contracting or nerve cells transmitting signals.

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into any type of specialized cell, important for growth and repair.

Transferring a healthy organ from a donor to a recipient with a diseased organ.

The process of enlarging the appearance of an object, calculated by multiplying the ocular lens magnification by the objective lens magnification.

Total Magnification = Ocular Lens Magnification × Objective Lens Magnification.

Metals that form ions with a single positive charge. Example: Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺).

Metals that form ions with a double positive charge. They lose two electrons. Example: Calcium (Ca²⁺), Iron (Fe²⁺).

Compounds made up of two or more nonmetals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. Example: Carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Compounds consisting of multiple atoms bonded together that carry a charge. They act like single ions. Example: Nitrate ion (NO₃⁻).

Compounds that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. They are sour to taste and turn blue litmus paper red. Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water. They are slippery and taste bitter. Example: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

The process of adjusting coefficients of reactants and products to ensure the same number of atoms of each element is present on both sides of the equation, obeying the Law of Conservation of Mass.

A chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Example: AB → A + B