Questions and Answers
Every kind of element is made up of its own kind of __________.
atoms
Atoms are composed of several basic types of very small ________; the ________ of each of these particles gives the different kinds of atoms their unique identity.
particles; numbers
The region at the center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom is called the __________.
nucleus
What is a positively charged particle?
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What is an uncharged particle?
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A negatively charged particle that occupies the space in an atom outside the nucleus is called an _________.
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________ are much smaller in size than ________ and neutrons, and they move very quickly.
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The region surrounding an atom's nucleus where one or more electrons are most likely to be found is called an ________ __________.
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An electron cloud is mostly made up of _________ space; it is not a cloud of charge.
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The electrons closest to the nucleus have the ________ energy; the electrons farthest from the nucleus have the _________ energy.
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If you could enlarge an atom to be 1 million times larger than its normal size, it would be the size of an _______; this object enlarged to the same degree would be the size of __________.
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Every atom has a ________ charged nucleus surrounded by a _________ charged electron cloud; however, atoms can have different numbers of ________, neutrons and electrons.
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element is called the ______ ________. Each _________ has a different atomic number. The number of _________ in the nucleus of the atom determines the identity of the atom.
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One of two or more atoms of an element having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called an _________.
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A neutral atom has the same number of _______ in its nucleus as _______ in its electron cloud.
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A neutral atom can gain one or more ________, giving an atom a ________ charge; a neutral atom can lose one or more _______, giving the atom a ____________ charge.
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What is an atom that has a charge because it has gained or lost electrons?
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Ions have the same number of ______ and are the same element they were before gaining or losing electrons.
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All atoms of the _______ element have the ______ number of protons.
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For each element, the number of ______ and the number of _________ can vary.
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The properties of an element and the ways its _______ combine are determined mainly by the number and the arrangement of the ______ in its atoms.
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Study Notes
Structure of Atoms
- Every element is made up of its own type of atoms.
- Atoms consist of various small particles; the numbers and types of these particles define the unique identity of each atom.
Components of Atoms
- The nucleus is the central region of an atom and contains most of its mass.
- Protons are positively charged particles found within the nucleus.
- Neutrons are uncharged particles also located in the nucleus.
- Electrons are negatively charged particles that occupy space outside the nucleus.
Size and Energy of Particles
- Electrons are significantly smaller than protons and neutrons and move very quickly.
- The electron cloud surrounds the nucleus and is where electrons are most likely found.
- The electron cloud primarily consists of empty space, not a solid entity.
Energy Levels of Electrons
- Electrons closest to the nucleus possess the least energy, while those farther away have the most energy.
Analogies for Scale
- If an atom were enlarged to one million times its normal size, it would be comparable to the size of an orange; Earth would scale to the size of the enlarged atom.
Charge and Structure of Atoms
- Atoms have a positively charged nucleus enveloped by a negatively charged electron cloud; they can have varying numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic Number and Element Identity
- The atomic number is the count of protons in an atom's nucleus and varies between elements, determining each element's identity.
- Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but different neutron counts.
Neutral Atoms and Ions
- A neutral atom has an equal number of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud.
- An atom can gain electrons, resulting in a negative charge, or lose electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
- An ion is defined as an atom with a charge due to the gain or loss of electrons.
Consistency Across Atoms
- Ions retain the same number of protons and remain the same element post any electron exchange.
- Atoms of the same element consistently have the same number of protons.
- The count of electrons and neutrons can vary among different atoms of the same element.
Properties of Elements
- The properties and chemical behavior of an element are largely determined by the number and arrangement of particles within its atoms.
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Description
Explore the fundamental components of atoms in this flashcard quiz. Understand the definitions and concepts related to atomic structure, including particles and the nucleus. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge of chemistry!
