Chemistry Lesson 1: Electrons and Energy Levels
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Questions and Answers

What organizes the chemical elements?

the periodic table

What does each block in the periodic table describe?

the basic properties

How does the periodic table list elements?

in order of atomic number

What do elements in each group have?

<p>similar physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is on the left side of the periodic table?

<p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is on the right side of the periodic table?

<p>nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located in a narrow stair-step region between the metals and nonmetals?

<p>metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most of the matter around you made up of?

<p>compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What includes two or more different elements?

<p>compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a force that holds atoms together?

<p>chemical bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find protons with a positive charge, neutrons with a neutral charge, and electrons with a negative charge?

<p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the atomic particles that participate in chemical bonding?

<p>electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of energy an electron can have is called?

<p>energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the least energy, and which electrons have the most energy?

<p>electrons closest to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do electrons farthest from the nucleus have?

<p>the most energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do electrons closest to the nucleus have?

<p>the least energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum number of electrons in the first energy level, which is closest to the nucleus, is what?

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum number of electrons in the second energy level is?

<p>eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the electron in an atom is involved in chemical bonding?

<p>outermost</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost part of the electron in an atom?

<p>involved in chemical bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strongly attached to the nucleus?

<p>electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are electrons strongly attached?

<p>to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an outermost electron that participates in chemical bonding?

<p>valence electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a valence electron?

<p>the outermost electron that participates in chemical bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of valence electrons in an atom tell you?

<p>how many bonds an atom can form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the same group in a periodic table tell you?

<p>the period table has the same number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a model that represents valence electrons in an atom as dots around the element's chemical symbol?

<p>electron dot diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you create an electron dot diagram?

<p>draw one dot for each electron in the atom, placing one dot on each of the four sides of the symbol, then pairing the dots</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tells you how many bonds an atom can form?

<p>the number of unpaired dots in the electron dot</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons do you need for a stable atom?

<p>eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is an atom unstable?

<p>with at least one unpaired electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms do not easily react with or form bonds with other atoms when?

<p>they are stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does group 18 include?

<p>noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is one exception to group 18.

<p>each of the gases has eight valence, stable electrons with the exception of helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unstable atoms can become stable only by forming?

<p>chemical bonds with other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share valence electrons until each atom has the same number of valence electrons as the?

<p>noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find four pairs of valence electrons?

<p>stable atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do stable atoms have?

<p>four pairs of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Table Overview

  • The periodic table organizes chemical elements based on atomic number.
  • Each block details the basic properties of one element.
  • Elements are grouped according to similar physical properties.

Structure of the Periodic Table

  • Metals are located on the left side.
  • Non-metals are found on the right side.
  • Metalloids occupy a narrow stair-step region between metals and non-metals.

Matter Composition

  • Most matter around us is made up of compounds, which consist of two or more different elements.

Chemical Bonding

  • A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together.
  • Electrons are the atomic particles that participate in chemical bonding.
  • Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in forming chemical bonds.

Energy Levels of Electrons

  • Energy levels determine the amount of energy an electron can possess.
  • Electrons closest to the nucleus have the least energy.
  • Electrons farthest from the nucleus have the most energy.
  • The first energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons.
  • The second energy level can hold a maximum of eight electrons.

Valence Electrons and Stability

  • The number of valence electrons informs how many bonds an atom can form.
  • Stable atoms typically have four pairs of valence electrons.
  • A stable atom is characterized by at least eight valence electrons, except for helium.

Group Properties

  • Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.
  • Group 18 contains noble gases, generally stable with a full complement of valence electrons, with helium being the exception.

Reactive Behavior of Atoms

  • Atoms are unstable with at least one unpaired electron.
  • Stable atoms do not easily react with or form bonds.
  • Unstable atoms can achieve stability by forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
  • Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to resemble the stable configuration of noble gases.

Drawing Electron Dot Diagrams

  • An electron dot diagram represents valence electrons as dots around an element's chemical symbol.
  • To create an electron dot diagram, draw one dot for each valence electron, placing a dot on each side of the symbol before pairing them.
  • The number of unpaired dots provides insight into how many bonds an atom can form.

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Test your knowledge on the periodic table and the organization of chemical elements. This quiz focuses on the relationships between atomic numbers, basic properties, and physical properties of elements. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of Lesson 1 in chemistry!

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