Questions and Answers
What organizes the chemical elements?
the periodic table
What does each block in the periodic table describe?
the basic properties
How does the periodic table list elements?
in order of atomic number
What do elements in each group have?
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What is on the left side of the periodic table?
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What is on the right side of the periodic table?
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What is located in a narrow stair-step region between the metals and nonmetals?
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What is most of the matter around you made up of?
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What includes two or more different elements?
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What is a force that holds atoms together?
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Where can you find protons with a positive charge, neutrons with a neutral charge, and electrons with a negative charge?
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What are the atomic particles that participate in chemical bonding?
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The amount of energy an electron can have is called?
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What has the least energy, and which electrons have the most energy?
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What do electrons farthest from the nucleus have?
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What do electrons closest to the nucleus have?
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The maximum number of electrons in the first energy level, which is closest to the nucleus, is what?
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The maximum number of electrons in the second energy level is?
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What part of the electron in an atom is involved in chemical bonding?
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What is the outermost part of the electron in an atom?
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What is strongly attached to the nucleus?
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Where are electrons strongly attached?
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What is an outermost electron that participates in chemical bonding?
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What is a valence electron?
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What does the number of valence electrons in an atom tell you?
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What does the same group in a periodic table tell you?
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What is a model that represents valence electrons in an atom as dots around the element's chemical symbol?
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How do you create an electron dot diagram?
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What tells you how many bonds an atom can form?
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How many valence electrons do you need for a stable atom?
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When is an atom unstable?
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Atoms do not easily react with or form bonds with other atoms when?
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What does group 18 include?
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There is one exception to group 18.
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Unstable atoms can become stable only by forming?
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Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share valence electrons until each atom has the same number of valence electrons as the?
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Where can you find four pairs of valence electrons?
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What do stable atoms have?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Overview
- The periodic table organizes chemical elements based on atomic number.
- Each block details the basic properties of one element.
- Elements are grouped according to similar physical properties.
Structure of the Periodic Table
- Metals are located on the left side.
- Non-metals are found on the right side.
- Metalloids occupy a narrow stair-step region between metals and non-metals.
Matter Composition
- Most matter around us is made up of compounds, which consist of two or more different elements.
Chemical Bonding
- A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together.
- Electrons are the atomic particles that participate in chemical bonding.
- Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in forming chemical bonds.
Energy Levels of Electrons
- Energy levels determine the amount of energy an electron can possess.
- Electrons closest to the nucleus have the least energy.
- Electrons farthest from the nucleus have the most energy.
- The first energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons.
- The second energy level can hold a maximum of eight electrons.
Valence Electrons and Stability
- The number of valence electrons informs how many bonds an atom can form.
- Stable atoms typically have four pairs of valence electrons.
- A stable atom is characterized by at least eight valence electrons, except for helium.
Group Properties
- Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.
- Group 18 contains noble gases, generally stable with a full complement of valence electrons, with helium being the exception.
Reactive Behavior of Atoms
- Atoms are unstable with at least one unpaired electron.
- Stable atoms do not easily react with or form bonds.
- Unstable atoms can achieve stability by forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
- Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to resemble the stable configuration of noble gases.
Drawing Electron Dot Diagrams
- An electron dot diagram represents valence electrons as dots around an element's chemical symbol.
- To create an electron dot diagram, draw one dot for each valence electron, placing a dot on each side of the symbol before pairing them.
- The number of unpaired dots provides insight into how many bonds an atom can form.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the periodic table and the organization of chemical elements. This quiz focuses on the relationships between atomic numbers, basic properties, and physical properties of elements. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of Lesson 1 in chemistry!
