Chemistry Lecture 3: Types of Bonding

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of atoms with incomplete outer shells?

To lose all their valence electrons

To form metallic bonds

To become positively charged

To reach a stable noble gas configuration (correct)

Which type of bonding results from the transfer of electrons?

Metallic bonding

Secondary bonding

Covalent bonding

Ionic bonding (correct)

What is the typical energy range for primary bonding?

1-10 eV/atom (correct)

More than 100 eV/atom

Less than 1 eV/atom

10-100 eV/atom

Which of the following is an example of covalent bonding?

H2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metallic bonding?

Atoms ionize and form an electron sea Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy range for secondary bonding?

1-100 KJ/mol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of fluctuating induced dipole?

Cl2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of elements that form ionic bonds in the periodic table?

Right horizontal extremities of the periodic table Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a charged atom?

Ion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is non-directional?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

Why is electron transfer energetically favorable?

It reduces the energy of the system Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the strong electrostatic attraction between Na+ and Cl- ions in NaCl?

The transfer of electrons between the ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a negatively charged atom?

Anion Signup and view all the answers

In covalent bonding, what happens to the electrons?

They are shared between the atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic materials?

They are strong and brittle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the electrostatic attraction and repulsion between ions in an ionic crystal?

A strong and brittle crystal structure Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between two permanent dipoles in adjacent water molecules?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the weakest type of bond formed by fluctuating induced dipoles?

Bond due to fluctuating induced dipoles Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is present in metals?

Metallic bond Signup and view all the answers

What types of bonds are present in ceramics?

Ionic and Covalent Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the H end of a water molecule and the O side of another H2O molecule?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What types of bonds are present in polymers?

Covalent and Secondary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of covalent bonds?

Highly directional Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an atom can form, according to the covalent bond model?

8-N', where N' is the number of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the rearrangement of atoms in a metal?

The bonds do not break, resulting in plastic deformation Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding is characterized by the interaction of atomic or molecular dipoles?

Secondary bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is an example of a polar molecule?

HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy associated with secondary bonding, per atom?

0.1 eV/atom Signup and view all the answers

Why are transition metals more brittle than metals like Cu or Au?

They form mixed bonds that are less ductile Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between a permanent dipole and an induced dipole?

Induced dipole bond Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Bonding

Atoms strive to achieve a noble gas configuration by sharing or transferring electrons to achieve maximal stability, resulting in strong "primary" bonding.

Primary Bonding

Ionic Bonding:
Results from the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges.
Strong Coulomb interaction between positively and negatively charged ions.
Example: Na+Cl-
Covalent Bonding:
Involves sharing of electrons between atoms to saturate their valency.
Electrons are localized between neighboring atoms, forming directional bonds.
Example: H2 molecule
Metallic Bonding:
Involves the formation of an "electron sea" that binds positively charged ions together.
Non-directional bonding, allowing for plastic deformation.
Examples: Cu, Al, Au, Ag

Secondary Bonding

Weak bonding resulting from the interaction of atomic or molecular dipoles.
Types of secondary bonding:
Fluctuating Induced Dipole (inert gases, H2, Cl2)
Permanent Dipole Bonds (polar molecules -H2O, HCl)
Polar molecule-induced dipole bonds

Bonding in Real Materials

Metals: Metallic bonding
Ceramics: Ionic and Covalent bonding
Polymers: Covalent and Secondary bonding
Semiconductors: Covalent or Covalent/Ionic bonding

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Description

This quiz covers the types of bonding in chemistry, including primary bonding and how atoms interact with each other to achieve maximum stability.