1: Notes & Gas Laws
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does Dalton’s Atomic Theory state about elements?

  • All elements are composed of molecules.
  • All atoms of different elements are identical.
  • Atoms can be created and destroyed in reactions.
  • Each element is composed of atoms. (correct)

    • Dalton's Atomic Theory states that all atoms of a given element are chemically identical.

    True

    What law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions?

    Law of Conservation of Mass

    The law of _________ states that when two elements form different compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element can be expressed in small whole numbers.

    <p>Multiple Proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their descriptions:

    <p>Law of Constant Composition = A compound always contains the same proportion of elements. Conservation of Mass = Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. Multiple Proportions = Different compounds formed from the same elements have ratios of mass that can be expressed in whole numbers. Atoms = Building blocks of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct approach to balance the equation $a H_2 + b O_2 \rightarrow c H_2O$?

    <p>Set a = 1, then c = 1 and b = 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Changing coefficients in a chemical equation affects the actual substances involved.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key condition for balancing coefficients in a chemical equation?

    <p>The number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides of the equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To balance a chemical equation, you should change the ______ but not the ______.

    <p>coefficients, subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its definition:

    <p>Coefficients = Numbers placed in front of reactants and products to balance an equation Subscripts = Numbers that indicate the number of atoms in a molecule Balanced Equation = An equation where the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides Chemical Reaction = A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the lecturer for the Chemistry course?

    <p>Prof. David J. Norris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chemistry course syllabus can be found on Moodle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the required textbook for the Chemistry course?

    <p>Chemistry: The Central Science in SI Units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The office hours of Prof. David J. Norris are on Thursdays from _____ to _____ at LEE P210.

    <p>17:00, 18:00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the due date for Problem Set #1?

    <p>September 27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Problem sets in this course are graded after collection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their associated details:

    <p>Moodle = Course information platform Assignments = Due every Friday Chalkboard = Used by Prof. Norris for teaching Office = LEE P210</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bonus point can students earn by passing 2 out of 3 problem sets?

    <p>0.25 point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of an element?

    <p>Atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pure substances can have varying compositions from sample to sample.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a characteristic of a homogeneous mixture.

    <p>It has a uniform composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mixture that consists of two or more pure substances that is not uniform is known as a __________ mixture.

    <p>heterogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Mineral water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Elements = Substances made of only one atom type Compounds = Molecules with different types of atoms Molecules = Two or more atoms joined together Mixtures = Contain two or more pure substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical changes that describe how substances react are known as __________.

    <p>reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All substances with the same physical appearance are necessarily homogeneous mixtures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a necessity for MAVT graduates?

    <p>Basic chemistry knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MAVT students were initially encouraged to focus solely on chemistry during their studies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of the chemistry textbook available at the ETH Store?

    <p>CHF 88.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Engineers must face critical crises in areas such as __________ and transportation.

    <p>carbon capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following subjects is NOT mentioned as needing chemistry knowledge?

    <p>Software engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following key areas to their relevance in engineering:

    <p>Hydrogen-fired turbines = Alternative energy solutions Carbon capture = Environmental engineering Biomedical devices = Healthcare technology Batteries = Energy storage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of the introductory chemistry course is to keep everyone __________.

    <p>engaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge mentioned for students in the chemistry course?

    <p>Learning basic chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula weight (FW) of water (H2O)?

    <p>18.0 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The empirical formula is used to determine molecular weight for ionic solids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FW stand for in chemistry?

    <p>Formula weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecular weight of H2O is ____ u.

    <p>18.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to write the formula for sodium chloride?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecular weight (Mw) and formula weight (FW) are different concepts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams of O2 can react with 2.00 g of H2?

    <p>This question requires a calculation based on stoichiometry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemical terms with their definitions:

    <p>Formula Weight = Sum of atomic weights in a formula Molecular Weight = Another term for formula weight Ionic Solid = Compound consisting of ions Empirical Formula = Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Lecture 1 Notes

    • The lecturer is Prof. David J. Norris
    • Email: [email protected]
    • Office: LEE P210
    • Office hours: Thursdays 17:00-18:00 or by appointment
    • The course uses American English
    • Chalkboard and slides will be used for teaching
    • Lecturer is from Chicago
    • Teaching assistants are listed on page 2
    • All course information is available on Moodle: https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=22903
    • Textbook: Chemistry: The Central Science in SI Units, 15th Edition, ©2022, by Theodore E. Brown, et al.
    • Exercises are held Fridays 14:00-16:00
    • Problem sets are weekly, and 3 are randomly graded
    • Pass 2 out of 3 problem sets for bonus
    • Problem set 1 is due Friday, Sept. 27, 14:00
    • Required textbook is available in the ETH Store (Orell Füssli) and online.
      • ISBN: 978-1-292-40761-6
      • Price: CHF 88.90

    Why Chemical Knowledge is Important

    • Some engineering students initially underestimate the need for chemistry
    • Many fields of engineering rely on chemistry, including mechanical and process engineering
    • Students are urged to develop strong chemical knowledge
    • Students may regret skipping basic chemistry
    • Chemical knowledge is crucial in important engineering and technological areas including, but not limited to:
      • batteries
      • Hydrogen-fired turbines
      • Carbon capture
      • Transportation
      • Biomedical devices

    Goals for the Course

    • Introductory chemistry course designed for engineering students
    • Goal of the course is to provide a foundation in basic chemistry
    • The lecturer wants to engage all students, even experts

    Your Challenge

    • The lecturer expects students to ask questions
    • The lecturer will do everything possible to clarify any questions
    • Students should stay engaged during the lecture and in doing the exercises/problem sets

    Apologies in Advance

    • There may be some handwriting-related problems with the lecture slides
    • German translations to specific lecture slides/exercises can be requested if necessary
    • Students can provide feedback

    Lecture Content - What is Chemistry, Atoms, and the Periodic Table

    • Chemistry is defined as the study of matter and its properties and behavior

    • Elements are substances made up of one type of atom

    • Molecules are made from atoms of different elements

    • Compounds contain atoms from different elements joined together

    • The study of chemical changes forms the heart of chemical reactions (and this is distinct from physical changes, like melting ice)

      • During chemical reactions, energy is either absorbed or released
      • Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions (this is important)

    • Atoms are composed of smaller particles

    • Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the main subatomic particles and have different properties each

    • Structure of the atom has the nucleus at the center with electrons circulating

    • Atoms in an element are identical chemically

    • Atoms from different elements combine to produce compounds

    • Periodic table organizes elements by atomic number (that determines the properties, and it is often already in order)

    • The number of protons determines the type of atom, and also the behaviour

      • elements in the same column (group) of the periodic table display similar properties

    More Lecture Content

    • Chemical equations describe chemical changes
    • Atom types must be balanced on the reactant and product sides
    • Some important laws of chemical reactions are constant composition, conservation of mass, and multiple proportions.
    • Definition and examples of Polyatomic ions
    • Names and formulas for important cations and anions are essential in naming and understanding ionic compounds.

    Further Lecture Content:

    • The mole is a standard that equals 6.02 x 1023
    • The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams contains one mole of atoms.
    • Formula weight is sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule
    • The concept of molar mass is defined as grams per mole, and molar mass is determined from the molecular formula

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    ETH Zurich Chemistry Lecture 1 PDF Fall 2024

    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts presented in the first lecture of the Chemistry course led by Prof. David J. Norris. This lecture highlights important course information, textbooks, and the significance of chemical knowledge in engineering. Ideal for students looking to enhance their understanding of chemistry in a practical context.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser