Questions and Answers
What does Avogadro's Law state?
What is Boyle's Law?
At constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
Explain Charles' Law.
At constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
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Define Conservation of Mass.
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Summarize Dalton's Law.
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What is meant by Definite Composition?
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What does Dulong & Petit's Law describe?
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Explain Faraday's Law.
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What is Gay-Lussac's Law about?
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What does Graham's Law state?
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Summarize Henry's Law.
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What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?
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Explain Multiple Proportions.
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What does Periodic Law state?
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Summarize the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
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Study Notes
Avogadro's Law
- Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have identical particle counts.
- Applies to various particle types: atoms, ions, molecules, and electrons.
Boyle's Law
- Inversely relates gas volume and pressure at constant temperature.
- As pressure increases, volume decreases and vice versa.
Charles' Law
- Volume of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
- Indicates that higher temperatures result in greater gas volumes.
Conservation of Energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
- This principle is encapsulated in the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Conservation of Mass
- Matter maintains its mass during chemical changes, though it may rearrange.
- This law asserts that mass is conserved in ordinary chemical reactions.
Dalton's Law
- The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of its individual partial pressures.
- This principle applies to any number of gases in a mixture.
Definite Composition
- Compounds consist of two or more elements combined in specific weight ratios.
- Each compound has a fixed composition, defining its chemical identity.
Dulong & Petit's Law
- Most metals need 6.2 calories to increase the temperature of 1 gram-atomic mass by 1°C.
- This property helps in understanding the thermal behavior of metallic elements.
Faraday's Law
- The amount of an element released during electrolysis correlates with the electricity passed through.
- This relationship also considers the equivalent weight of the element involved.
First Law of Thermodynamics
- Reinforces the principle of energy conservation within the universe.
- Total energy remains constant, neither created nor eliminated.
Gay-Lussac's Law
- Gas volumes involved in reactions maintain a ratio expressible in small whole numbers.
- Relevant for understanding gas reactions and stoichiometry.
Graham's Law
- Diffusion and effusion rates of gases are inversely related to the square root of their molecular masses.
- Lighter gases diffuse or effuse faster than heavier gases.
Henry's Law
- Gas solubility in liquids correlates positively with the applied pressure.
- Especially applicable for gases that are not highly soluble.
Ideal Gas Law
- Describes the physical state of an ideal gas with the equation PV = nRT.
- P stands for pressure, V for volume, n for the number of moles, R for the gas constant, and T for temperature.
Multiple Proportions
- Elements combine in ratios of small whole numbers during reactions.
- Mass relationships between different elements provide insight into their compound formation.
Periodic Law
- Elements display periodic variations in chemical properties based on atomic numbers.
- Significant in predicting and understanding elemental behavior in reactions.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
- States that entropy, a measure of disorder, tends to increase over time.
- Indicates that heat transfer does not spontaneously occur from cold to hot areas.
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Description
Explore the fundamental laws of chemistry with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential gas laws including Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these important concepts.