Chemistry Laws Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does Avogadro's Law state?

The weight of an element liberated during electrolysis is proportional to electricity passing through the cell.

Equal volumes of gases under identical temperature and pressure conditions will contain equal numbers of particles. (correct)

Energy can be created and destroyed.

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure applied.

What is Boyle's Law?

At constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.

Explain Charles' Law.

At constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; the total energy of the universe is constant. Signup and view all the answers

Define Conservation of Mass.

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed; mass remains constant in an ordinary chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Dalton's Law.

The pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Definite Composition?

A compound is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a defined ratio by weight. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dulong & Petit's Law describe?

Most metals require 6.2 cal of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram-atomic mass by 1°C. Signup and view all the answers

Explain Faraday's Law.

The weight of any element liberated during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is Gay-Lussac's Law about?

The ratio between combining volumes of gases can be expressed in small whole numbers. Signup and view all the answers

What does Graham's Law state?

The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Henry's Law.

The solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the gas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?

PV = nRT Signup and view all the answers

Explain Multiple Proportions.

Elements combine in the ratio of small whole numbers, based on fixed masses of other elements. Signup and view all the answers

What does Periodic Law state?

The chemical properties of elements vary periodically according to their atomic numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Entropy increases over time; heat cannot spontaneously flow from cold to hot. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Avogadro's Law

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have identical particle counts.
Applies to various particle types: atoms, ions, molecules, and electrons.

Boyle's Law

Inversely relates gas volume and pressure at constant temperature.
As pressure increases, volume decreases and vice versa.

Charles' Law

Volume of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Indicates that higher temperatures result in greater gas volumes.

Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
This principle is encapsulated in the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Conservation of Mass

Matter maintains its mass during chemical changes, though it may rearrange.
This law asserts that mass is conserved in ordinary chemical reactions.

Dalton's Law

The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of its individual partial pressures.
This principle applies to any number of gases in a mixture.

Definite Composition

Compounds consist of two or more elements combined in specific weight ratios.
Each compound has a fixed composition, defining its chemical identity.

Dulong & Petit's Law

Most metals need 6.2 calories to increase the temperature of 1 gram-atomic mass by 1°C.
This property helps in understanding the thermal behavior of metallic elements.

Faraday's Law

The amount of an element released during electrolysis correlates with the electricity passed through.
This relationship also considers the equivalent weight of the element involved.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Reinforces the principle of energy conservation within the universe.
Total energy remains constant, neither created nor eliminated.

Gay-Lussac's Law

Gas volumes involved in reactions maintain a ratio expressible in small whole numbers.
Relevant for understanding gas reactions and stoichiometry.

Graham's Law

Diffusion and effusion rates of gases are inversely related to the square root of their molecular masses.
Lighter gases diffuse or effuse faster than heavier gases.

Henry's Law

Gas solubility in liquids correlates positively with the applied pressure.
Especially applicable for gases that are not highly soluble.

Ideal Gas Law

Describes the physical state of an ideal gas with the equation PV = nRT.
P stands for pressure, V for volume, n for the number of moles, R for the gas constant, and T for temperature.

Multiple Proportions

Elements combine in ratios of small whole numbers during reactions.
Mass relationships between different elements provide insight into their compound formation.

Periodic Law

Elements display periodic variations in chemical properties based on atomic numbers.
Significant in predicting and understanding elemental behavior in reactions.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

States that entropy, a measure of disorder, tends to increase over time.
Indicates that heat transfer does not spontaneously occur from cold to hot areas.

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Description

Explore the fundamental laws of chemistry with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential gas laws including Avogadro's Law, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these important concepts.