Questions and Answers
What is the law of multiple proportions?
Whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
In carbon dioxide, how many grams of oxygen would there be if there are 24 grams of carbon?
64 g
What is the health danger of breathing carbon monoxide?
It blocks oxygen from binding to hemoglobin.
In carbon monoxide, there is always 1.33 g of oxygen for every 1 g of carbon. How many grams of carbon are in a 16.03 g sample of carbon monoxide? _________ g carbon. (Round to two decimal points)
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In carbon dioxide, there is always 2.66 g of oxygen for every 1 g of carbon. How many grams of oxygen are in a 25.62 gram sample of carbon dioxide?
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In glucose (C6H12O6), the simplified ratio of C atoms to H atoms is?
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When combined, iodine and tin were found to produce two different molecules. Both contained the same mass of tin, but one had twice as much iodine. The molecular formula for one of the molecules is SnI2, what is the formula for the other molecule?
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How many grams of carbon would be present in carbon monoxide that contains 2.66 grams of oxygen?
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The mass ratio of H to O in water (H2O) is 1:8. What is the mass ratio of H to O in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
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In the compound nickel(II) sulfide, there is always 58.7 g of nickel for every 32.1 g of sulfur. What is the simplified ratio of nickel to sulfur?
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Serotonin (C10H12N2O) is a neurotransmitter. The ratio of C atoms to N atoms is _____
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Whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
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The law of multiple proportions states that whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in the ratio of small whole numbers.
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Study Notes
Law of Multiple Proportions
- The law of multiple proportions indicates that when two elements form multiple compounds, the different masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.
Carbon Compounds
- In carbon dioxide (CO2), 24 grams of carbon combine with 64 grams of oxygen.
- In carbon monoxide (CO), the consistent mass ratio is 1.33 grams of oxygen for every 1 gram of carbon, yielding 6.88 grams of carbon in a 16.03-gram sample of CO.
- For carbon dioxide, with a ratio of 2.66 grams of oxygen per gram of carbon, a 25.62-gram sample has 18.62 grams of oxygen.
Health Impacts
- Breathing carbon monoxide is hazardous; it prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin, leading to significant health risks.
Chemical Ratios in Compounds
- The ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms in glucose (C6H12O6) simplifies to 1:2.
- In water (H2O), the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 1:8, while in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), it is 1:16.
- In nickel(II) sulfide, the ratio of nickel to sulfur is 1.83:1 based on consistent masses of 58.7 g of nickel and 32.1 g of sulfur.
Molecular Formulas
- Iodine and tin produce different compounds with tin having the same mass; one formula is SnI2, while the other hypotheses are SnI or SnI4.
- The ratio of carbon to nitrogen atoms in serotonin (C10H12N2O) is 5:1.
Confirmation of Law
- Both statements regarding the law of multiple proportions being applicable when the same two elements form more than one compound are affirmed as true.
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Test your knowledge on the Law of Multiple Proportions with these flashcards. Each card features key definitions and application questions related to this fundamental chemistry principle. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemical compounds.
