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Questions and Answers
Write the isotope symbol for Uranium-290.
Write the isotope symbol for Uranium-290.
U
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Uranium-290 have?
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Uranium-290 have?
92 protons, 198 neutrons, 92 electrons
Write the equation for the beta decay of this isotope.
Write the equation for the beta decay of this isotope.
U e + Np
What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 m?
What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 m?
If the wavelength was longer in another photon, would its energy be higher or lower?
If the wavelength was longer in another photon, would its energy be higher or lower?
Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, CHO.
Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, CHO.
Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.
Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.
How many moles of carbon dioxide is produced if 5.00 g of glucose is combusted?
How many moles of carbon dioxide is produced if 5.00 g of glucose is combusted?
What is the complete and shorthand electron configuration of selenium?
What is the complete and shorthand electron configuration of selenium?
Find the formula of nickel (II) nitrate.
Find the formula of nickel (II) nitrate.
Does nickel have a higher or lower ionization energy than selenium? Explain.
Does nickel have a higher or lower ionization energy than selenium? Explain.
What is themass of a sample of material that has a volume of 55.1 cm and a density of 6.72 g/cm?
What is themass of a sample of material that has a volume of 55.1 cm and a density of 6.72 g/cm?
Convert 55.0 mL to liters.
Convert 55.0 mL to liters.
Convert 25 cm to kilometers.
Convert 25 cm to kilometers.
Characteristics of a solid include [blank] volume and shape. Particles that make up solids are held [blank] in a [blank] structure, so the particles can [blank].
Characteristics of a solid include [blank] volume and shape. Particles that make up solids are held [blank] in a [blank] structure, so the particles can [blank].
How about liquids and gases?
How about liquids and gases?
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's [blank], and the number of electrons determines the [blank] of an element.
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's [blank], and the number of electrons determines the [blank] of an element.
The [blank] of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the [blank] of the atom.
The [blank] of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the [blank] of the atom.
Give the isotope symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one atom of Barium-138.
Give the isotope symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one atom of Barium-138.
Complete each equation and name the type of decay:
42
K e + Ca
Ra He + Rn
Complete each equation and name the type of decay:
42 K e + Ca
Ra He + Rn
List the 3 types of radiation (, , ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.
List the 3 types of radiation (, , ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.
Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:
Rxn 1: Am + He Bk + 2n
Rxn 2: U + n Ba + Kr + 3n
Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:
Rxn 1: Am + He Bk + 2n
Rxn 2: U + n Ba + Kr + 3n
Which are products? Reactants?
hydrogen + oxygen + heat water
Which are products? Reactants?
hydrogen + oxygen + heat water
Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction below.
h + O + HO
Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction below.
h + O + HO
Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:
Milk Souring
Water Evaporating
Gasoline Burning
Chopping Wood
Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:
Milk Souring Water Evaporating Gasoline Burning Chopping Wood
Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture:
Sand and water
Gold
Pure water
Tap water
Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture:
Sand and water Gold Pure water Tap water
Write both the electron configuration and shorthand (noble gas notation) for Copper, Cu.
Write both the electron configuration and shorthand (noble gas notation) for Copper, Cu.
Which atom would have the greatest electronegativity?
Which atom would have the greatest electronegativity?
What is the difference between electronegativity and ionization energy?
What is the difference between electronegativity and ionization energy?
Explain why the trend increases this directions.
[Draw arrows to label the periodic trend on the table below: Atomic radius]
Explain why the trend increases this directions.
[Draw arrows to label the periodic trend on the table below: Atomic radius]
Arrange the elements in a list with an increasing radius: Cs, O, Li
Arrange the elements in a list with an increasing radius: Cs, O, Li
Which group of elements would have the most similar properties?
Which group of elements would have the most similar properties?
The most reactive metals are found in group?
The most reactive metals are found in group?
What charge ion do they form?
What charge ion do they form?
Which periodic table group number has a full octet?
Which periodic table group number has a full octet?
How many atoms of iron are in FeO?
How many atoms of iron are in FeO?
Find the grams of 2.35 x 10 atoms of Zn.
Find the grams of 2.35 x 10 atoms of Zn.
Any charged atom or molecule is called an ______ and it will either have a + charge and be called a ______ or it will have a - charge and be called an ______. Typically, metals make ______ and nonmetals make ______
Any charged atom or molecule is called an ______ and it will either have a + charge and be called a ______ or it will have a - charge and be called an ______. Typically, metals make ______ and nonmetals make ______
Ionic bonds [blank] electrons, while covalent bonds [blank] electrons.
Ionic bonds [blank] electrons, while covalent bonds [blank] electrons.
Ionic bonds form between [blank] and [blank], while covalent bonds form between [blank] and [blank].
Ionic bonds form between [blank] and [blank], while covalent bonds form between [blank] and [blank].
Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat indicated by the arrows in the beaker of water?
Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat indicated by the arrows in the beaker of water?
Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat from the Bunsen burner to the beaker of water?
Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat from the Bunsen burner to the beaker of water?
What is the T for each liquid?
[Two liquids were heated for 5 minutes.]
What is the T for each liquid?
[Two liquids were heated for 5 minutes.]
Write the equation for the beta decay of this Uranium-290 isotope.
²⁹⁰₉₂U → ______ + ⁰₋₁e
Write the equation for the beta decay of this Uranium-290 isotope.
²⁹⁰₉₂U → ______ + ⁰₋₁e
Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆.
Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆.
Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.
______ C₆H₁₂O₆ + ______ O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.
______ C₆H₁₂O₆ + ______ O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s [blank], and the number of electrons determines [blank].
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s [blank], and the number of electrons determines [blank].
Complete each equation and name the type of decay:
⁴²₁₉K → ______ + ⁰₋₁e
Beta
²²⁶₈₈Ra → ⁴₂He + ______
Alpha
Complete each equation and name the type of decay: ⁴²₁₉K → ______ + ⁰₋₁e Beta ²²⁶₈₈Ra → ⁴₂He + ______ Alpha
List the 3 types of radiation (α, β, γ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.
List the 3 types of radiation (α, β, γ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.
Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:
Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:
Which are products? Reactants?
Which are products? Reactants?
Write and balance the chemical equation.
Write and balance the chemical equation.
Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:
Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:
Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture.
Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture.
Explain why the trend increases this direction.
Explain why the trend increases this direction.
How many atoms of iron are in Fe₂O₃?
How many atoms of iron are in Fe₂O₃?
Flashcards
Mass number
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Isotope
Isotope
An atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay
The process of emitting radiation from an unstable nucleus.
Beta decay
Beta decay
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Alpha decay
Alpha decay
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Photon energy
Photon energy
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Density
Density
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Phase change
Phase change
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Specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity
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Delta T
Delta T
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Conduction
Conduction
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Convection
Convection
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Radiation
Radiation
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Exothermic reaction
Exothermic reaction
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Endothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
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Combustion
Combustion
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity
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Ionization energy
Ionization energy
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Atomic radius
Atomic radius
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Electron configuration
Electron configuration
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Cation
Cation
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Anion
Anion
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Covalent bond
Covalent bond
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Ionic bond
Ionic bond
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Metallic bond
Metallic bond
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Synthesis reaction
Synthesis reaction
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Double displacement reaction
Double displacement reaction
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Single displacement reaction
Single displacement reaction
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Study Notes
Uranium-290 Isotope
- The isotope symbol for Uranium-290 is not a valid isotope for uranium.
Atomic Structure of Uranium-238
- Protons: 92
- Neutrons: 146
- Electrons: 92
Beta Decay Equation of Uranium-238
- A valid beta decay equation cannot be determined without knowing the specific isotope of Uranium that undergoes beta decay.
Photon Energy Calculation
- To calculate the energy of a photon, use the equation E=hc/λ, where:
- E is energy (joules)
- h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s)
- c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)
- λ is wavelength (meters)
- A longer wavelength corresponds to lower energy.
Percent Composition of Carbon in Glucose
- Glucose has the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
- To find the percent composition of carbon, calculate the molar mass of carbon and glucose.
Combustion Reaction of Glucose
- The balanced combustion reaction of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) with oxygen (O₂) produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
- C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)
Moles of Carbon Dioxide from Glucose Combustion
- To determine the moles of CO₂ produced from 5.00 g of glucose, use the balanced equation (see above) and stoichiometry.
Selenium Electron Configuration
- Complete electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴
- Shorthand (noble gas) electron configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴
Nickel (II) Nitrate Formula
- The formula for Nickel (II) nitrate is Ni(NO₃)₂.
Nickel vs. Selenium Ionization Energy
- Ionization energy generally decreases down a group and increases across a period of the periodic table.
- Selenium has a higher ionization energy than nickel. This is because of the increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radii.
Density Calculation
- To find mass given volume and density, use the formula: Mass = Density × Volume
Unit Conversions
- To convert between units like milliliters (mL) to liters (L) or centimeters (cm) to kilometers (km), use appropriate conversion factors.
Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Solids: fixed volume and shape, particles tightly held in a rigid structure, vibrate only slowly.
- Liquids: fixed volume, variable shape, particles held loosely in a flexible structure, flow past each other.
- Gases: variable volume and shape, particles are loosely held, move independently, and flow past each other easily.
Atomic Mass Calculation
- Atomic mass: sum of protons and neutrons
Isotope Symbol and Particle Count (Barium-138)
- Isotope symbol: ¹³⁸Ba
- Protons: 56
- Neutrons: 82
- Electrons: 56
Nuclear Chemistry (Beta and Alpha Decay)
- Beta decay: A neutron converts to a proton and an electron, which is emitted from the nucleus.
- Alpha decay: Two protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus) are emitted from the nucleus.
Types of Radiation Penetration
- Alpha (α) radiation has the lowest penetration power.
- Beta (β) radiation has intermediate penetration power.
- Gamma (γ) radiation has the highest penetration power.
Fusion vs. Fission Reactions
- Fusion: Small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
- Fission: A large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.
Balancing Chemical Equations
- For a balanced equation, the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Chemical Reactions (Reactants and Products)
- Reactants: substances on the left side of an equation.
- Products: substances on the right side of an equation.
Physical vs. Chemical Changes
- Physical changes: a change in the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
- Chemical changes: a change in one or more substances into other substances; chemical bonds are broken or formed
Electron Configuration of Copper
- Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ (anomalous configuration)
- Shorthand (noble gas) configuration: [Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰
Periodic Trends (Electronegativity)
- Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
- The most electronegative element is generally Fluorine (F).
Periodic Trends (Atomic Radius)
- Atomic radius generally decreases across a period and increases down a group.
- Cesium (Cs) has a larger atomic radius compared to Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (O).
Periodic Table Group Properties
- Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
- Group 18 (noble gases) have a full octet.
- Group 1 (alkali metals) are highly reactive metals that form +1 ions.
Atoms and Moles Calculations
- Calculate the number of iron atoms in Fe₂O₃.
- Calculate the mass of zinc atoms.
Bonding: lonic, Covalent, Metallic
- lonic bonds: formed by the attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
- Covalent bonds: formed by sharing electrons between two or more non-metal atoms.
- Metallic bonds: formed by the delocalization of electrons among positively charged metal ions.
Naming lonic/Covalent/Metallic Compounds
- Identify the type of bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic).
- Apply naming conventions for each type of compound.
Balancing and Identifying Reaction Types
- Synthesis: two or more reactants combine, forming one product.
- Decomposition: one reactant breaks down into two or more products.
- Combustion: a reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light
- Single Replacement: one element replaces another element in a compound
- Double Replacement: the ions of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.
Heat Transfer Mechanisms (Conduction, Convection, Radiation)
- Conduction - transfer through direct contact; this is what happens in the beaker.
- Convection - transfer by fluid movement in a liquid or gas; this is what happens in the fluid motion in the beaker.
- Radiation - transfer by electromagnetic waves, this is what happens from the burner to the beaker.
Specific Heat Capacity Calculation
- Compare the temperature changes of liquids A and B over time.
- The liquid with a smaller temperature change over a certain period has a higher specific heat capacity.
Endothermic vs. Exothermic Processes
- Endothermic: a process that absorbs heat, ΔH is positive.
- Exothermic: a process that releases heat, ΔH is negative.
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Description
Test your knowledge on isotopes, atomic structure, and chemical reactions in this chemistry quiz. Explore concepts like beta decay, photon energy calculations, and the combustion of glucose. Perfect for students studying basic chemistry principles.
