Chemistry Isotopes and Reactions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Write the isotope symbol for Uranium-290.

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Uranium-290 have?

92 protons, 198 neutrons, 92 electrons

Write the equation for the beta decay of this isotope.

U e + Np

What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 m?

4.4 x 10 J Signup and view all the answers

If the wavelength was longer in another photon, would its energy be higher or lower?

Lower Signup and view all the answers

Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, CHO.

40.0% Signup and view all the answers

Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.

CHO + 6O 6CO + 6HO Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of carbon dioxide is produced if 5.00 g of glucose is combusted?

0.167 mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the complete and shorthand electron configuration of selenium?

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p [Ar]4s3d4p Signup and view all the answers

Find the formula of nickel (II) nitrate.

Ni(NO) Signup and view all the answers

Does nickel have a higher or lower ionization energy than selenium? Explain.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

What is themass of a sample of material that has a volume of 55.1 cm and a density of 6.72 g/cm?

370 g Signup and view all the answers

Convert 55.0 mL to liters.

0.055 L Signup and view all the answers

Convert 25 cm to kilometers.

0.00025 km Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of a solid include [blank] volume and shape. Particles that make up solids are held [blank] in a [blank] structure, so the particles can [blank].

vibrate only slowly Signup and view all the answers

How about liquids and gases?

Liquids have a fixed volume, but a variable shape. Gases have a variable volume and shape. Signup and view all the answers

The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's [blank], and the number of electrons determines the [blank] of an element.

charge Signup and view all the answers

The [blank] of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the [blank] of the atom.

mass Signup and view all the answers

Give the isotope symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one atom of Barium-138.

Ba, 56 protons, 82 neutrons, 56 electrons Signup and view all the answers

Complete each equation and name the type of decay:

42 K e + Ca

Ra He + Rn

Beta decay, Alpha decay Signup and view all the answers

List the 3 types of radiation (, , ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.

, , Signup and view all the answers

Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:

Rxn 1: Am + He Bk + 2n

Rxn 2: U + n Ba + Kr + 3n

Fission Signup and view all the answers

Which are products? Reactants?

hydrogen + oxygen + heat water

Products: water Reactants: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Heat Signup and view all the answers

Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction below.

h + O + HO

2H + O 2HO Signup and view all the answers

Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:

Milk Souring Water Evaporating Gasoline Burning Chopping Wood

Chemical Change Signup and view all the answers

Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture:

Sand and water Gold Pure water Tap water

Heterogeneous Mixture Signup and view all the answers

Write both the electron configuration and shorthand (noble gas notation) for Copper, Cu.

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d [Ar]4s3d Signup and view all the answers

Which atom would have the greatest electronegativity?

F Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between electronegativity and ionization energy?

Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond, while ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the trend increases this directions.
[Draw arrows to label the periodic trend on the table below: Atomic radius]

Atomic radius decreases from left to right because the number of protons increases, making the nucleus more attractive and pulling electrons closer to the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Arrange the elements in a list with an increasing radius: Cs, O, Li

O, Li, Cs Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements would have the most similar properties?

Al, Ga, In Signup and view all the answers

The most reactive metals are found in group?

1 Signup and view all the answers

What charge ion do they form?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

Which periodic table group number has a full octet?

18 Signup and view all the answers

How many atoms of iron are in FeO?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Find the grams of 2.35 x 10 atoms of Zn.

2.58 x 10 g Zn Signup and view all the answers

Any charged atom or molecule is called an and it will either have a + charge and be called a or it will have a - charge and be called an . Typically, metals make and nonmetals make __

ion, cation, anion, cations, anions Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds [blank] electrons, while covalent bonds [blank] electrons.

transfer Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds form between [blank] and [blank], while covalent bonds form between [blank] and [blank].

metal Signup and view all the answers

Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat indicated by the arrows in the beaker of water?

Convection Signup and view all the answers

Which heat transfer process is primarily responsible for the transfer of heat from the Bunsen burner to the beaker of water?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the T for each liquid?
[Two liquids were heated for 5 minutes.]

Liquid A: T = 70 C Liquid B: T = 80 C Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for the beta decay of this Uranium-290 isotope.
²⁹⁰₉₂U → ______ + ⁰₋₁e

²⁹⁰₉₃Np Signup and view all the answers

Find the percent composition of carbon in glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆.

40.00% Signup and view all the answers

Write and balance the combustion reaction of glucose.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

1, 6 Signup and view all the answers

The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s [blank], and the number of electrons determines [blank].

identity Signup and view all the answers

Complete each equation and name the type of decay: ⁴²₁₉K → + ⁰₋₁e Beta ²²⁶₈₈Ra → ⁴₂He + Alpha

⁴²₂₀Ca, ²²²₈₆Rn Signup and view all the answers

List the 3 types of radiation (α, β, γ) in order from least penetrating to most penetrating.

α, β, γ Signup and view all the answers

Label the following reactions as fusion or fission reactions:

Rxn 1: ²⁴¹₉₅Am + ⁴₂He → ²⁴³₉₇Bk + 2¹₀n = Fusion Rxn 2: ²³⁵₉₂U + ¹₀n → ¹⁴¹₅₆Ba + ⁹²₃₆Kr + 3¹₀n = Fission Signup and view all the answers

Which are products? Reactants?

water Signup and view all the answers

Write and balance the chemical equation.

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Mark the following as a Physical Change or a Chemical Change:

Milk Souring = Chemical Change Gasoline Burning = Chemical Change Water Evaporating = Physical Change Chopping Wood = Physical Change Signup and view all the answers

Label each as a compound, element, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture.

Sand and Water = Heterogeneous mixture Gold = Element Pure Water = Compound Tap Water = Homogeneous mixture Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the trend increases this direction.

Atomic radius increases going down a group and decreases going across a period. As you move down a group, the number of electron shells increases, leading to larger atomic radii. Across a period, the number of protons increases, which attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling them closer to the nucleus and resulting in smaller atomic radii. Signup and view all the answers

How many atoms of iron are in Fe₂O₃?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Uranium-290 Isotope

The isotope symbol for Uranium-290 is not a valid isotope for uranium.

Atomic Structure of Uranium-238

Protons: 92
Neutrons: 146
Electrons: 92

Beta Decay Equation of Uranium-238

A valid beta decay equation cannot be determined without knowing the specific isotope of Uranium that undergoes beta decay.

Photon Energy Calculation

To calculate the energy of a photon, use the equation E=hc/λ, where:
- E is energy (joules)
- h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s)
- c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)
- λ is wavelength (meters)
A longer wavelength corresponds to lower energy.

Percent Composition of Carbon in Glucose

Glucose has the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
To find the percent composition of carbon, calculate the molar mass of carbon and glucose.

Combustion Reaction of Glucose

The balanced combustion reaction of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) with oxygen (O₂) produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)

Moles of Carbon Dioxide from Glucose Combustion

To determine the moles of CO₂ produced from 5.00 g of glucose, use the balanced equation (see above) and stoichiometry.

Selenium Electron Configuration

Complete electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴
Shorthand (noble gas) electron configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴

Nickel (II) Nitrate Formula

The formula for Nickel (II) nitrate is Ni(NO₃)₂.

Nickel vs. Selenium Ionization Energy

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group and increases across a period of the periodic table.
Selenium has a higher ionization energy than nickel. This is because of the increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radii.

Density Calculation

To find mass given volume and density, use the formula: Mass = Density × Volume

Unit Conversions

To convert between units like milliliters (mL) to liters (L) or centimeters (cm) to kilometers (km), use appropriate conversion factors.

Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids: fixed volume and shape, particles tightly held in a rigid structure, vibrate only slowly.
Liquids: fixed volume, variable shape, particles held loosely in a flexible structure, flow past each other.
Gases: variable volume and shape, particles are loosely held, move independently, and flow past each other easily.

Atomic Mass Calculation

Atomic mass: sum of protons and neutrons

Isotope Symbol and Particle Count (Barium-138)

Isotope symbol: ¹³⁸Ba
Protons: 56
Neutrons: 82
Electrons: 56

Nuclear Chemistry (Beta and Alpha Decay)

Beta decay: A neutron converts to a proton and an electron, which is emitted from the nucleus.
Alpha decay: Two protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus) are emitted from the nucleus.

Types of Radiation Penetration

Alpha (α) radiation has the lowest penetration power.
Beta (β) radiation has intermediate penetration power.
Gamma (γ) radiation has the highest penetration power.

Fusion vs. Fission Reactions

Fusion: Small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
Fission: A large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.

Balancing Chemical Equations

For a balanced equation, the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

Chemical Reactions (Reactants and Products)

Reactants: substances on the left side of an equation.
Products: substances on the right side of an equation.

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Physical changes: a change in the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
Chemical changes: a change in one or more substances into other substances; chemical bonds are broken or formed

Electron Configuration of Copper

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ (anomalous configuration)
Shorthand (noble gas) configuration: [Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰

Periodic Trends (Electronegativity)

Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
The most electronegative element is generally Fluorine (F).

Periodic Trends (Atomic Radius)

Atomic radius generally decreases across a period and increases down a group.
Cesium (Cs) has a larger atomic radius compared to Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (O).

Periodic Table Group Properties

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
Group 18 (noble gases) have a full octet.
Group 1 (alkali metals) are highly reactive metals that form +1 ions.

Atoms and Moles Calculations

Calculate the number of iron atoms in Fe₂O₃.
Calculate the mass of zinc atoms.

Bonding: lonic, Covalent, Metallic

lonic bonds: formed by the attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
Covalent bonds: formed by sharing electrons between two or more non-metal atoms.
Metallic bonds: formed by the delocalization of electrons among positively charged metal ions.

Naming lonic/Covalent/Metallic Compounds

Identify the type of bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic).
Apply naming conventions for each type of compound.

Balancing and Identifying Reaction Types

Synthesis: two or more reactants combine, forming one product.
Decomposition: one reactant breaks down into two or more products.
Combustion: a reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light
Single Replacement: one element replaces another element in a compound
Double Replacement: the ions of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.

Heat Transfer Mechanisms (Conduction, Convection, Radiation)

Conduction - transfer through direct contact; this is what happens in the beaker.
Convection - transfer by fluid movement in a liquid or gas; this is what happens in the fluid motion in the beaker.
Radiation - transfer by electromagnetic waves, this is what happens from the burner to the beaker.

Specific Heat Capacity Calculation

Compare the temperature changes of liquids A and B over time.
The liquid with a smaller temperature change over a certain period has a higher specific heat capacity.

Endothermic vs. Exothermic Processes

Endothermic: a process that absorbs heat, ΔH is positive.
Exothermic: a process that releases heat, ΔH is negative.

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Description

Test your knowledge on isotopes, atomic structure, and chemical reactions in this chemistry quiz. Explore concepts like beta decay, photon energy calculations, and the combustion of glucose. Perfect for students studying basic chemistry principles.