14 Questions
Ionic bonding occurs between a ______ and a non-metal.
metal
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a ______ charged ion.
positively
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained one or more ______.
electrons
Covalent bonds form when two ______ atoms share electrons.
non-metal
Substances with covalent bonds often form molecules with low ______ and boiling points.
melting
Atoms may form multiple covalent bonds; they are not restricted to sharing electrons with only one other atom but ______ or more.
two
The number of covalent bonds is equal to eight minus the ______ number.
group
A dot and cross diagram can visually present the transfer of ______ during the formation of an ionic compound.
electrons
Metals form giant structures in which electrons in the outer shells (valence ______) are free to move, which helps hold the metal together
electrons
The metallic bond is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalized) ______ and positive metal ions
electrons
The more free-moving ______ that a metal has, the stronger the force of attraction between the metal atoms
electrons
Dot and cross models help show how ______ form covalent bonds
electrons
In Lewis dot and cross diagrams, each dot or cross represents a ______
electron
A pair of dots and crosses between multiple chemical symbols for atoms represent the ______
bonds
Study Notes
Ionic Bonding
- Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal
- Electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom, resulting in the formation of ions
- The metal atom loses an electron to become a positively charged ion, while the non-metal atom gains an electron to become a negatively charged ion
- Examples of ionic bonding reactions include:
- Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
- Magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
- Calcium + chlorine → calcium chloride
- Lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide
- Dot and cross diagrams can be used to visually represent the transfer of electrons during the formation of an ionic compound
Covalent Bonding
- Covalent bonds form when two non-metal atoms share electrons
- The electrons used in covalent bonding are the valence electrons
- Covalent bonds are strong, but can be broken with a significant amount of energy
- Substances with covalent bonds often form molecules with low melting and boiling points
- Atoms can form multiple covalent bonds with other atoms
- The number of covalent bonds an atom can form is equal to eight minus the group number
Metallic Bonding
- Metals form giant structures in which electrons in the outer shells are free to move, holding the metal together
- The metallic bond is the force of attraction between the delocalized electrons and positive metal ions
- Metallic bonds are strong, resulting in high melting and boiling points
- Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat due to the movement of delocalized electrons
- The more free-moving electrons a metal has, the stronger the force of attraction between the metal atoms
Dot and Cross Diagrams
- Dot and cross diagrams are used to show how electrons form covalent bonds
- Only the electrons on the outer shell (valence electrons) are shown in the diagram
- Lewis dot and cross diagrams show the electronic structures of the elements and how the electrons are paired/bonded
- Each dot or cross in the diagram represents an electron
- A pair of dots and crosses between multiple chemical symbols for atoms represents the bonds
Learn about ionic bonding, a type of chemical bonding that occurs between a metal and a non-metal. Understand how electrons are transferred to form positively and negatively charged ions.
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