Chemistry Instrumentation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does it indicate when serum appears yellow?

Rupture of red blood cells

Insufficient clotting of blood

High levels of lipids present

Presence of high bilirubin (correct)

In the blood collection procedure, why is it necessary to let the blood samples stand for 15 minutes at room temperature?

To ensure the blood coagulates properly (correct)

To cool the samples before centrifugation

To allow for the separation of plasma

To promote hemolysis of the red blood cells

What is the purpose of gently swirling the tube with clotted blood using an applicator stick?

To ensure proper splitting of serum and plasma

To re-mix the serum and clot

To enhance bilirubin release

To prevent hemolysis (correct)

What is indicated by a lipemic serum appearance?

Presence of high lipid levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the EDTA tube after blood collection?

Invert it gently eight times to mix (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of pads in blood specimen collection?

To apply pressure to the venipuncture site (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is used to puncture a vein for blood collection?

Syringe/Evacuated Tube System (C) Signup and view all the answers

What types of samples can be obtained for clinical chemistry analyses?

Whole blood, serum, or plasma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the color-coded tops on evacuated collection tubes?

They denote the specific diagnostic test to be performed (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper identification of patients critical before the venipuncture procedure?

To ensure that the right blood is drawn from the patient's medical record (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood may be used for specimen collection besides venous blood?

Capillary and arterial blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a requisition form used for during the venipuncture process?

To identify the patient for the procedure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does venipuncture specifically refer to?

Collecting blood samples from a patient using venipuncture (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a sharps container?

To safely dispose of used needles and syringes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is commonly utilized to prevent exposure to infectious agents in a laboratory?

Lab coat, goggles, gloves, and mask (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the color and marking of a sharps container?

Red with a biohazard sign (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step a phlebotomist should take when preparing for a venipuncture?

Positively identifying the patient (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a venipuncture, how long should pressure be applied to the puncture site after needle removal?

1-2 minutes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with contaminated materials after a venipuncture procedure?

Dispose of them in designated containers (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check the requisition form before performing a blood draw?

To ensure the correct tests and special requirements are noted (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying a tourniquet during a venipuncture?

To make veins more visible (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time a tourniquet should be left on a patient during venipuncture?

1 minute (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the area after it has been cleansed before venipuncture?

It should remain dry. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When inserting the needle for venipuncture, what angle should the needle form with the arm surface?

15-30 degrees (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred liquid portion for most clinical chemistry determinations?

Serum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason to avoid touching or palpating the cleansing area after it has been cleaned?

It may disrupt the sterility. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the tourniquet after the last tube begins to fill?

It should be removed. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure the specimen is free from hemolysis, lipemia, and icteric variations?

Avoid excessive probing and follow proper collection techniques. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to grasp the patient's arm firmly while performing venipuncture?

To anchor the vein and stabilize the needle insertion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a spectrophotometer?

To measure the intensity of light (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which device is specifically used to apply centrifugal force?

Centrifuge (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage does a hot plate have over a Bunsen burner in a laboratory setting?

It can heat substances slowly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antiseptic materials before a venipuncture?

To disinfect the area to be punctured (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vein beneath a tourniquet during venous blood collection?

It becomes enlarged with blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is typically used at the end of a venipuncture procedure?

A gauze pad or cotton ball (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a magnifying glass used in a laboratory?

To produce an enlarged image of an object (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about gauze pads or cotton balls is true?

They are applied to the puncture site after the needle is withdrawn. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Laboratory Equipment

Spectrophotometer: Used to measure concentrations of chemical substances by analyzing light intensity.
Magnifying Glass: Lens that enlarges images of objects for detailed inspection.
Microscope Slide and Cover Slip: Essential for holding samples during microscopic examination.
Centrifuge: Separates liquid and solid components of a solution using centrifugal force.
Hot Plate: Flat surface for controlled heating, preferred over Bunsen burner for even temperature distribution and safety.

Blood Specimen Collection Techniques

Antiseptics: Alcohol pads used to disinfect skin before venipuncture.
Gauze Pad/Cotton Ball: Applied to puncture site post-venipuncture to control bleeding and maintain sterility.
Syringe/Evacuated Tube System: Tools for collecting blood samples; may include whole blood, serum, or plasma.

Collection Tubes and Identification

Evacuated Collection Tubes: Color-coded tops indicate specific additives for various diagnostic tests.
Requisition Form: Documentation used for patient identification and requested tests before blood collection.
Sharps Container: Safely disposes of needles and other sharp instruments to prevent injury and contamination.

Venipuncture Procedure

Patient Interaction: Professional demeanor is important for patient comfort and compliance.
Identification: Two forms of ID (name and birth date) should be confirmed against requisition forms.
Site Preparation: Tourniquet application and proper site cleansing are essential to limit discomfort and infection.

Preparation of Serum and Plasma

Serum vs. Plasma: Serum (clotted blood) is typically preferred over plasma (unclotted blood) for analysis; both need to be free from hemolysis, lipemia, and icteric conditions.
Anticoagulants: Prevent clotting in samples; EDTA is a common choice for plasma preparation.

Sample Types and Characteristics

Hemolyzed Samples: Ruptured red blood cells leading to abnormal results.
Icteric Samples: Yellow serum due to high bilirubin levels.
Lipemic Samples: Milky serum indicative of high lipid content.

Sample Processing Procedure

Blood Collection: 5.0 mL of blood collected and divided into red-top and lavender-top tubes.
Clotting Time: Samples should sit for 15 minutes to allow blood to clot before centrifugation.
Centrifugation: Spin at 2,000-2,500 RPM for 10 minutes to separate serum from cells.
Specimen Clarity: Compare clarity of serum (from clotted blood) and plasma (from anticoagulated blood).

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Description

Test your knowledge about various chemistry instruments and their functions, including the spectrophotometer, magnifying glass, microscope, and centrifuge. Learn how these tools assist in analyzing chemical substances and their concentrations through light intensity measurements.