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Questions and Answers
What does it indicate when serum appears yellow?
What does it indicate when serum appears yellow?
- Rupture of red blood cells
- Insufficient clotting of blood
- High levels of lipids present
- Presence of high bilirubin (correct)
In the blood collection procedure, why is it necessary to let the blood samples stand for 15 minutes at room temperature?
In the blood collection procedure, why is it necessary to let the blood samples stand for 15 minutes at room temperature?
- To ensure the blood coagulates properly (correct)
- To cool the samples before centrifugation
- To allow for the separation of plasma
- To promote hemolysis of the red blood cells
What is the purpose of gently swirling the tube with clotted blood using an applicator stick?
What is the purpose of gently swirling the tube with clotted blood using an applicator stick?
- To ensure proper splitting of serum and plasma
- To re-mix the serum and clot
- To enhance bilirubin release
- To prevent hemolysis (correct)
What is indicated by a lipemic serum appearance?
What is indicated by a lipemic serum appearance?
What should be done with the EDTA tube after blood collection?
What should be done with the EDTA tube after blood collection?
What is the primary use of pads in blood specimen collection?
What is the primary use of pads in blood specimen collection?
Which system is used to puncture a vein for blood collection?
Which system is used to puncture a vein for blood collection?
What types of samples can be obtained for clinical chemistry analyses?
What types of samples can be obtained for clinical chemistry analyses?
What is the significance of the color-coded tops on evacuated collection tubes?
What is the significance of the color-coded tops on evacuated collection tubes?
Why is proper identification of patients critical before the venipuncture procedure?
Why is proper identification of patients critical before the venipuncture procedure?
Which type of blood may be used for specimen collection besides venous blood?
Which type of blood may be used for specimen collection besides venous blood?
What is a requisition form used for during the venipuncture process?
What is a requisition form used for during the venipuncture process?
What does venipuncture specifically refer to?
What does venipuncture specifically refer to?
What is the primary purpose of a sharps container?
What is the primary purpose of a sharps container?
Which Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is commonly utilized to prevent exposure to infectious agents in a laboratory?
Which Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is commonly utilized to prevent exposure to infectious agents in a laboratory?
Which of the following correctly describes the color and marking of a sharps container?
Which of the following correctly describes the color and marking of a sharps container?
What is the first step a phlebotomist should take when preparing for a venipuncture?
What is the first step a phlebotomist should take when preparing for a venipuncture?
During a venipuncture, how long should pressure be applied to the puncture site after needle removal?
During a venipuncture, how long should pressure be applied to the puncture site after needle removal?
What should be done with contaminated materials after a venipuncture procedure?
What should be done with contaminated materials after a venipuncture procedure?
Why is it important to check the requisition form before performing a blood draw?
Why is it important to check the requisition form before performing a blood draw?
What is the purpose of applying a tourniquet during a venipuncture?
What is the purpose of applying a tourniquet during a venipuncture?
What is the maximum time a tourniquet should be left on a patient during venipuncture?
What is the maximum time a tourniquet should be left on a patient during venipuncture?
What should be done with the area after it has been cleansed before venipuncture?
What should be done with the area after it has been cleansed before venipuncture?
When inserting the needle for venipuncture, what angle should the needle form with the arm surface?
When inserting the needle for venipuncture, what angle should the needle form with the arm surface?
What is the preferred liquid portion for most clinical chemistry determinations?
What is the preferred liquid portion for most clinical chemistry determinations?
Which of the following is a reason to avoid touching or palpating the cleansing area after it has been cleaned?
Which of the following is a reason to avoid touching or palpating the cleansing area after it has been cleaned?
What should be done with the tourniquet after the last tube begins to fill?
What should be done with the tourniquet after the last tube begins to fill?
What should be done to ensure the specimen is free from hemolysis, lipemia, and icteric variations?
What should be done to ensure the specimen is free from hemolysis, lipemia, and icteric variations?
Why is it important to grasp the patient's arm firmly while performing venipuncture?
Why is it important to grasp the patient's arm firmly while performing venipuncture?
What is the primary function of a spectrophotometer?
What is the primary function of a spectrophotometer?
Which device is specifically used to apply centrifugal force?
Which device is specifically used to apply centrifugal force?
Which advantage does a hot plate have over a Bunsen burner in a laboratory setting?
Which advantage does a hot plate have over a Bunsen burner in a laboratory setting?
What is the purpose of using antiseptic materials before a venipuncture?
What is the purpose of using antiseptic materials before a venipuncture?
What happens to the vein beneath a tourniquet during venous blood collection?
What happens to the vein beneath a tourniquet during venous blood collection?
What is typically used at the end of a venipuncture procedure?
What is typically used at the end of a venipuncture procedure?
Why is a magnifying glass used in a laboratory?
Why is a magnifying glass used in a laboratory?
Which statement about gauze pads or cotton balls is true?
Which statement about gauze pads or cotton balls is true?
Study Notes
Laboratory Equipment
- Spectrophotometer: Used to measure concentrations of chemical substances by analyzing light intensity.
- Magnifying Glass: Lens that enlarges images of objects for detailed inspection.
- Microscope Slide and Cover Slip: Essential for holding samples during microscopic examination.
- Centrifuge: Separates liquid and solid components of a solution using centrifugal force.
- Hot Plate: Flat surface for controlled heating, preferred over Bunsen burner for even temperature distribution and safety.
Blood Specimen Collection Techniques
- Antiseptics: Alcohol pads used to disinfect skin before venipuncture.
- Gauze Pad/Cotton Ball: Applied to puncture site post-venipuncture to control bleeding and maintain sterility.
- Syringe/Evacuated Tube System: Tools for collecting blood samples; may include whole blood, serum, or plasma.
Collection Tubes and Identification
- Evacuated Collection Tubes: Color-coded tops indicate specific additives for various diagnostic tests.
- Requisition Form: Documentation used for patient identification and requested tests before blood collection.
- Sharps Container: Safely disposes of needles and other sharp instruments to prevent injury and contamination.
Venipuncture Procedure
- Patient Interaction: Professional demeanor is important for patient comfort and compliance.
- Identification: Two forms of ID (name and birth date) should be confirmed against requisition forms.
- Site Preparation: Tourniquet application and proper site cleansing are essential to limit discomfort and infection.
Preparation of Serum and Plasma
- Serum vs. Plasma: Serum (clotted blood) is typically preferred over plasma (unclotted blood) for analysis; both need to be free from hemolysis, lipemia, and icteric conditions.
- Anticoagulants: Prevent clotting in samples; EDTA is a common choice for plasma preparation.
Sample Types and Characteristics
- Hemolyzed Samples: Ruptured red blood cells leading to abnormal results.
- Icteric Samples: Yellow serum due to high bilirubin levels.
- Lipemic Samples: Milky serum indicative of high lipid content.
Sample Processing Procedure
- Blood Collection: 5.0 mL of blood collected and divided into red-top and lavender-top tubes.
- Clotting Time: Samples should sit for 15 minutes to allow blood to clot before centrifugation.
- Centrifugation: Spin at 2,000-2,500 RPM for 10 minutes to separate serum from cells.
- Specimen Clarity: Compare clarity of serum (from clotted blood) and plasma (from anticoagulated blood).
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Description
Test your knowledge about various chemistry instruments and their functions, including the spectrophotometer, magnifying glass, microscope, and centrifuge. Learn how these tools assist in analyzing chemical substances and their concentrations through light intensity measurements.
