18 Questions
Hydrocarbons can be cracked to produce ________ molecules
smaller
The process of heating hydrocarbons to vaporize them is known as ________
vaporise
Alkenes have the general formula ________
CH2
The first 2 alkenes are ________ and propene
ethene
Alkenes react with bromine water, turning it from orange to ________
colourless
Some of the products made from cracking are useful as ________
fuels
Many of the fuels on which we depend for our modern lifestyle, such as petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gases, are produced from ______.
crude oil
Many useful materials on which modern life depends are produced by the ______ industry, such as solvents, lubricants, polymers, and detergents.
petrochemical
Properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their ______.
molecules
Shorter the molecules, the ______ viscous it is.
less
The longer the molecules, the more ______ it is.
viscous
The shorter the molecules, the more ______ it is.
flammable
Crude oil is a finite resource found in ______
rocks
Crude oil is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of ______ that was buried in mud
plankton
Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of ______ and carbon only
hydrogen
Fractional distillation is used to separate the substances in crude oil by ______ methods
physical
The first 4 alkanes are methane, ethane, propane, and ______
butane
The fractionating column works continuously, heated crude oil is piped in at the ______
bottom
Study Notes
Crude Oil and Petrochemicals
- Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks, composed of the remains of ancient biomass, mainly plankton, buried in mud.
- It is a mixture of many compounds, mostly hydrocarbons (molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon only) that can be separated by physical methods, including distillation.
Hydrocarbons and Alkanes
- Hydrocarbons have the general formula CH2n+2 and can be represented in different forms.
- Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, with the first four being methane, ethane, propane, and butane.
- Alkanes have covalent bonds and can be represented by different structural formulas.
Fractional Distillation
- Fractional distillation is a process that separates crude oil into fractions, each containing molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.
- The fractionating column works continuously, with heated crude oil piped in at the bottom, and the vaporized oil rises and condenses at different temperatures.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
- The properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules.
- Shorter molecules are less viscous, have a lower boiling point, and are more flammable than longer molecules.
Cracking and Alkenes
- Cracking is a process that breaks down larger hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules.
- Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double carbon-carbon bond, and have the general formula CH2.
- The first two alkenes are ethene and propene.
- Alkenes react with bromine water, turning it from orange to colorless, and are used to produce other chemicals, such as polymers.
- Cracking produces fuels with shorter chains, making them more flammable and useful as fuels.
Learn about the process of cracking hydrocarbons to produce smaller molecules by heating them to vaporize and then utilizing catalytic cracking or steam cracking. Discover how alkenes are formed as products of cracking reactions.
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