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Questions and Answers
What subatomic particles do these symbols represent in Model 1?
What subatomic particles do these symbols represent in Model 1?
Protons (+) and Electrons (-)
Would you expect to observe attraction or repulsion between the subatomic particles in Model 1?
Would you expect to observe attraction or repulsion between the subatomic particles in Model 1?
Expect to observe attraction.
Describe the relationship between force of attraction and the distance between the subatomic particles.
Describe the relationship between force of attraction and the distance between the subatomic particles.
The closer the two subatomic particles are, the stronger the force of attraction is.
If the distance between a proton and an electron is 0.50 nm, would you expect the force of attraction to be greater than or less than 0.26 x 10^-8 N?
If the distance between a proton and an electron is 0.50 nm, would you expect the force of attraction to be greater than or less than 0.26 x 10^-8 N?
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If two protons are 0.10 nm away from one electron, would you expect the force of attraction to be greater than or less than 2.30 x 10^-8 N?
If two protons are 0.10 nm away from one electron, would you expect the force of attraction to be greater than or less than 2.30 x 10^-8 N?
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What do the arrows represent?
What do the arrows represent?
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How does the thickness of the arrows relate to the property given?
How does the thickness of the arrows relate to the property given?
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Using a periodic table, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 2. Are the elements in the same column or the same row?
Using a periodic table, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 2. Are the elements in the same column or the same row?
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As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus change?
As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus change?
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As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the attractive force between the outermost electron and the nucleus change?
As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the attractive force between the outermost electron and the nucleus change?
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Are your answers to parts A and B consistent with the information in Model 1?
Are your answers to parts A and B consistent with the information in Model 1?
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What are the independent and dependent variables in the data?
What are the independent and dependent variables in the data?
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Write a complete sentence that describes the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in Model 3.
Write a complete sentence that describes the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in Model 3.
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What would be the attractive force on a single electron if five protons were in the nucleus of an atom? Show mathematical work to support your answer.
What would be the attractive force on a single electron if five protons were in the nucleus of an atom? Show mathematical work to support your answer.
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Imagine that a second electron were placed to the left of a nucleus containing two protons. Predict the force of attraction on both the original electron and the second electron.
Imagine that a second electron were placed to the left of a nucleus containing two protons. Predict the force of attraction on both the original electron and the second electron.
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What is the approximate attractive force on each electron below?
What is the approximate attractive force on each electron below?
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Using the periodic table, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 4. Are the elements in the same column or the same row?
Using the periodic table, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 4. Are the elements in the same column or the same row?
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Circle the outermost electron(s) in each of the atoms in Model 4.
Circle the outermost electron(s) in each of the atoms in Model 4.
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Which of the three atoms diagrammed in Model 4 has the strongest attraction for its outermost electrons?
Which of the three atoms diagrammed in Model 4 has the strongest attraction for its outermost electrons?
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As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom, does the distance between the outermost electron(s) and the nucleus change significantly?
As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom, does the distance between the outermost electron(s) and the nucleus change significantly?
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Can the differences in the attractive force shown by the arrows be explained by a change in the distance between the electron(s) and the nucleus?
Can the differences in the attractive force shown by the arrows be explained by a change in the distance between the electron(s) and the nucleus?
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On the diagrams in Model 4, write the number of protons located in the nucleus of each atom.
On the diagrams in Model 4, write the number of protons located in the nucleus of each atom.
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Can the differences in attractive forces shown by the arrows in Model 4 be explained by a change in the number of protons in the nucleus? If yes, explain the relationship in Model 4.
Can the differences in attractive forces shown by the arrows in Model 4 be explained by a change in the number of protons in the nucleus? If yes, explain the relationship in Model 4.
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For each set of elements below, circle the element whose atoms will have a stronger attractive force between their outermost electron(s) and the nucleus.
For each set of elements below, circle the element whose atoms will have a stronger attractive force between their outermost electron(s) and the nucleus.
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On each diagram write the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
On each diagram write the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
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Which factor- distance to the nucleus or number of protons in the nucleus- seems to be the dominant factor for determining the attractive force between the outermost electron(s) and the nucleus?
Which factor- distance to the nucleus or number of protons in the nucleus- seems to be the dominant factor for determining the attractive force between the outermost electron(s) and the nucleus?
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Study Notes
Coulombic Attraction in Chemistry
- Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge, leading to attraction between them.
- Subatomic particles (protons and electrons) exhibit attractive forces when they are close together; further distance results in weaker attraction.
- If a proton and an electron are spaced 0.50 nm apart, the force of attraction is expected to be less than 0.26 x 10^-8 N.
- Conversely, two protons positioned 0.10 nm from one electron will experience a force of attraction greater than 2.30 x 10^-8 N due to proximity.
- The arrow thickness in diagrams indicates the distance between protons and electrons; thicker arrows signify stronger attractive forces.
Periodic Table Relationships
- Elements depicted in Model 2 are located in the same column of the periodic table, indicating similar properties.
- As atomic size increases from smaller to larger atoms, the distance between outermost electrons and the nucleus also increases, weakening the attractive force.
- The relationship between independent variables (number of protons) and dependent variables (force of attraction) confirms that more protons lead to stronger attraction.
Mathematical Relationships
- For five protons in a nucleus, the attractive force on a single electron is calculated to be 11.50 x 10^-8 N, based on each proton contributing a force of 2.30 x 10^-8 N.
- The inclusion of an additional electron next to two protons results in a consistent attractive force of 2.30 x 10^-8 N due to mutual cancellation of forces.
Attractive Force Values
- The approximate attractive force on each electron in specific models is around 4.60 x 10^-8 N.
- In Model 4, elements presented are located in the same row of the periodic table, allowing comparisons of atomic properties.
- Chlorine has the strongest attraction for its outermost electrons among the three atoms depicted in Model 4.
Dominant Factors in Attractive Forces
- Increasing atomic size does not significantly change the distance between outermost electrons and the nucleus.
- The strength of attractive forces is primarily influenced by the number of protons in the nucleus rather than distance alone.
- Sodium has 11 protons, Aluminum has 13, and Chlorine possesses 17 protons in their respective nuclei, correlating with stronger attractions.
- Across the evaluated elements, Calcium, Chromium, and Argon demonstrate varying attractive forces, with Argon having the strongest due to higher proton count.
Conclusion on Attractive Forces
- The number of protons in the nucleus is a dominant factor influencing the attractive force between outermost electrons and the nucleus compared to the distance from the nucleus.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the basic concepts of Coulombic attraction in chemistry with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key relationships between subatomic particles, including their interactions and the forces at play. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of atomic structure.
